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HAND  CRAFT   PROJECTS 


Hand  Craft  Projects 

FOR  SCHOOL  AND   HOME  SHOPS 
FRANK  I.  SOLAR 

Northern   High   School,    Detroit,    Michigan 

Editor  of  "Toys  and  Useful  Articles  a  Boy  Can  Make  ',  "Practical  Construction  Work  for  Home  and  School  Shops*', 

"Bird  Houses  of  Simple  Construction" 


Drawings  by   the  Author  and    A.  M.  Cornwell 


Book  I 


THE  BRUCE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

Milwaukee,  'Wisconsin 


Copyright    1921 
THE  BRUCE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 


PREFACE 


This  book  is  the  first  of  a  series  whicli  will  include 
oyer  2,000  articles.  Boys  and  others  interested  in  work- 
ing with  tools  will  find  them  a  ^eat  convenience.  In- 
stead of  arranging  the  articles  in  one  expensive  book, 
they  will  be  written  in  a  series  of  volumes,  additional 
volumes  being  published  from  time  to  time.  Each 
volume  is  to  be  sold  at  a  moderate  price  and  will  make 
an  inexpensive  but  very  welcome  gift  to  those  inter- 
ested in  hand  work. 

The  projects  in  this  book  are  not  all  original,  but 
are  things  that  boys  in  my  classes  have  made  and  enjoy 
making.  Many  of  the  suggestions  and  ideas  were 
brought  in  by  the  boys  themselves. 

The  articles  describing  the  projects  have  been  made 
as  sliort  as  possible  in  order  that  boys  need  not  waste 
time  reading  long  descriptions. 

Many  of  the  models  were  excellent  sellers  in  the 
Red  Cross  sales  and  considered  attractive  enough  to  be 
made  a  permanent  exhibit  at  the  Detroit  Museum  of 
Art. 

Money  invested  in  tools  is  not  wasted.  A  good  selec- 
tion will  cost  no  more  than  a  good  bicycle,  and  if  well 
cared  for  will  last  several  generations. 

Parents  who  can  interest  their  boys  in  tools  and  let 
them  have  a  shop  at  home,  will  know   where  to  find 


them  evenings  and  many  hours  of  worry  will  bo  saved, 
as  the  boys  might  be  out  on  the  streets  or  In  pool 
rooms.  Moreover,  the  value  of  the  useful  articles  they 
might  make  should  be  considered.  The  boy  himself, 
no  matter  what  vocation  he  follows  later,  will  never 
regret  the  time  spent  in  the  shop  with  his  tools. 

In  these  articles  trade  terms  are  used  as  often  as 
possible  to  familiarize  boys  with  their  use  in  real 
practice. 

It  has  been  the  author's  ambition  to  have  the  draw- 
ings of  the  projects  so  made  that  very  little  explana- 
tion is  necessary. 

An  effort  has  been  made  in  formulating  the  projects 
to  eliminate  the  old  hackneyed  problems,  and,  although 
the  same  names  are  used,  an  examination  of  the  draw- 
ings will  show  that  each  one  is  decidedly  different  and 
possesses  some  originality. 

Physical  exercise  is  necessary  for  good  health.  Per- 
sons engaged  in  work  requiring  veo'  little  physical 
effort  usually  devote  some  time  each  day  to  calisthenics 
or  other  artificial  exercise.  Effort  spent  on  construc- 
tive work  with  tools  is  more  fascinating  and  is  pro- 
ductive of  the  same  results,  thereby  accomplishing  a 
twofold  purpose. 


2066175 


"Keep  the  faculty  of  eifort  alive  within 
you  with  a  little  gratuitous  exercise 
each  day." 

— James. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Shop  Notes  and  Etiriuotte 7 

l/uuiber    8 

Personal   Equipment    S.      9 

Standards  and   Conventions 10.     11 

Construction   Proljlenis   10,     12 

Common   Joints    10,     i:i 

Tools    14 

Commonly  Used    Hardware 15-20 

Shop   Kinks  and  Information 1.5,     21 

Bits  and   Drills 21-2:! 

Brads,  Screws  and  Fastenini^s 2.3.     24 

Sandpaper  and    Finish ■ 2,5 

Finish    2,5,     20 

Laying   Out   Tools 2C-2S 

Saws     2S,     21) 

Planes     28,  30  ,-!3 

Planing  and   Scoring    Rules 30.  32,  R3 

Worli   Bench    34.     35 

Combination   Bench   Ilook 30,     37 

Toy   Pig   3S,    39 

Child's  Morris  Chair 40.     41 

Cutting  Board    42.     43 

Toy  Cannon  44.     45 

Bath    Koom   Cup   Holder 40,     47 

Skate  Sharpener    48,     49 

Steam  Engine  .50,-    51 

Toy  Elephant    52,     ,53 

Feeding   Bird    54,     55 

Flying  Propeller   50,     57 

Potato   Gun    58.     ,59 

A  Wooden   Doll 60.     61 

A    Thanksgiving    Gobbler 02,     03 

Aeroplane  Weathervane   64,     65 


POBC 

.Small  Cart   an,     67 

Ued    Cross    Ambulance cm.     i!;i 

Baby's  Hocking  Horse 70,     71 

,Tuniping  .Tack    72,     73 

The   Ilula   naneers 74,     7.% 

Mechanical   Duck    70,     77 

Scout    Fireniaklng  Set 7,s.     7i» 

Bob  Sled   jm_     si 

A    High    Spei'd    Drill i<2,     si 

Crumb    Tray    ^,     8.5 

Flag   Ilidder   ,s«,    ^7 

Toy    Uabliit 8.S.     SO 

Target    Pistol    !K).     1(1 

.Tack    Be   Nimble Kj,     ict 

Boy    Scouts    Heliograph !14,     <(,"> 

(Jrouud   Scratcher   00,    1)7 

Child's   Snow   Shovel lis,     IKt 

Kites    100.  101 

Puzzles    102.  103 

Trench  Mortar   104.  10.5 

Straddle   Horse    106.  107 

The  Bag  Puncher  lOS,  100 

Low  Folding  Table 110,  111 

Letter  Hack   112,  113 

Silhouette  Camera 114.  115 

Sewing  Companion    J16,  IIT 

Ornamental  Garden  Sticks U.S.  119 

Mouse  Trap    120.  121 

Boys   Handy   Wagon 122.  l'-'3 

'I'ravelers   Case    124.  12S 

Hallowe'en  Fun  Makers 120.  127 

Wind   Mill   Acrobat 128,  129 

Pin  ami   Ball  Game 130,  131 


Page  Page 

Sail  Boat   ,132,  133       Fly  Trap    144,  145 

Chair  Lami)   134,  l.'!r>       plant  Box  14G,  147 

'•'-'^   ""•"^   Jf'  ]■"       Submarine    '. 14S,  140 

Bull  Dog  13S.  13!)  ,         ,    , 

Christmas  Tree  Stand 140.  141       Phonograph  Dancer   loO.  lol 

Baby  Auto  Car 142,  143       Telephone  Screen  152,  1.53 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


Shop  Notes  and  Etiquette 

This  work,  to  be  done  in  tlie  scliool  or  liome  sliop, 
is  for  the  purpose  of  training  the  hand  to  make  what 
the  mind  and  eye  picture,  and  to  teach  the  care  and 
manipulation  of  common  wood-working  tools. 

All  work  should  be  done  from  working  drawings, 
blue  prints  or  sketches.  Never  begin  a  project  for 
which  you  have  no  drawing  without  first  making  some 
kind  of  a  sketch. 

Shop  work  is  required  in  some  schools  for  gradua- 
tion and  some  credit  is  given  those  with  good  marks 
wishing  to  take  an  engineering  course. 

To  obtain  the  best  results  each  boy  should  be  fur- 
nished with  a  bench  suitable  to  his  height  and  a  sharp 
set  of  individual  tools.  It  is  then  his  business  to  keep 
them  in  this  condition.  Only  selfish  boys  will  use  tools 
improperly  and  dull  them  for  the  other  fellow  to 
sharpen.  It;  is  usually  found  that  boys  who  do  poor 
work  are  satisfied  to  work  with  dull  tools. 

Any  boy  who  is  careless  enough  to  saw  into  an  iron 
vise,  pound  with  the  point  of  his  plane,  chop  with  a 
back  saw,  and  bore  holes  and  drive  nails  into  his  bench, 
will  not  make  a  valuable  man  to  any  employer. 


What  would  i  contractor  say  if  a  man  came  lo  hire 
out  with  a  stool  under  one  arm  and  his  tools  under  Ihe 
other?  But,  how  often  do  we  see  boys  sitting  on  stools 
trying  to  piano  and  saw,  and  also  trying  to  do  work 
with  a  coat  on!  The  first  thing  a  boy  does  when  getting 
into  a  game  that  requires  exercise  is  to  throw  off  his 
coat,  so  why  not  do  the  same  in  the  shop? 

Talking,  whistling  and  other  unnecessary  noises  are 
not  conducive  to  the  best  work.  They  are  also  annoy- 
ing to  others  and  distract  their  attention  from  their 
work. 

Do  not  use  the  try  square  for  a  hammer,  or  a  chisel 
for  a  screw  driver,  as  others  may  wish  to  use  the  same 
tool  and  do  not  enjoy  working  with  a  dull  tool  any 
more  than  you  do. 

Never  use  a  hammer  on  a  chisel  handle,  or  to  drive 
a  piece  through  the  dowel  plate.  The  mallet  should  be 
used  for  these  purposes. 

While  all  power  machinery  should  be  well  guarded 
in  any  shop  to  prevent  accidents,  it  Is  best  when 
machinery  is  in  operation  to  keep  at  a  safe  distance. 
Do  not  depend  upon  the  other  fellow  to  care  for  your 
personal  safety.   You  suffer  the  pain  in  case  of  accident. 


8 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


To  avoid  repetition,  pages  in  the  front  of  the  hook 
will  be  devoted  to  general  information. 

Lumber 

Lumber  comes  in  different  conditions  known  as 
dressed  and  undressed.  If  ordered  undressed,  it  is  just 
as  it  comes  from  the  saw,  rough  on  both  sides  and 
edges.  If  ordered  S2S,  (S  meaning  surfaced),  both 
sides  will  be  surfaced.  If  ordered  S4S,  both  sides  and 
edges  will  be  surfaced  or  made  smooth  by  the  planer. 
If  it  is  desired  to  have  it  finished  further,  specify  that 
it  is  to  be  sanded  on  all  sides  and  edges. 

When  ordering  lumber,  make  out  your  bill  as  fol- 
lows:    First,  give  name  of  wood;   second,  number  of 
pieces;   third,  thickness;    fourth,  width;    fifth,  length; 
and  sixth,  finish  desired.    For  example: 
Red  Oak       2  Pes.  %"  x  41/8"  x     3'  S4S  To  be  sanded 

all  sides 
Bass  Wood  1  Pc.     Vz"  x  10"     x  10'  Rough 
Gum  Wood  3  Pes.  %"  x  8"      x  12'  S2S 

The  most  common  woods  used  for  home  and  school 
bench  work  are  bass  wood,  white  pine,  gum  wood,  red 
and  white  oak,  black  walnut,  mahogany,  red  wood,  red 
cedar  and  cypress.  These  are  all  easily  worked  and 
take  desirable  finishes. 

Yellow  pine,  spruce,  hemlock,  fir,  cypress,  birch  and 
maple  are  used  in  the  building  trades.  Most  of  these 
are  coarse  grained  and  split  easily. 


Hickory  is  straight  grained  and  very  elastic.  It  is 
good  for  hammer  handles,  bows  and  arrows  and  other 
models  that  must  bend  without  breaking.  Other  kinds 
of  lumber  may  be  more  accessible  in  other  localities. 
Cypress  is  a  wood  that  will  withstand  dampness  and 
is  very  good  for  plant  boxes,  etc.,  while  gum  and  bass- 
wood  absorb  moisture  and  warp,  hence  are  not  satis- 
factory for  outside  use. 

Composition,  wall  or  beaver  board  can  often  be  used 
instead  of  lumber. 

Personal  Equipment 

It  is  quite  necessary  that  a  woodworker  protect  his 
clothing  from  dust,  dirt,  stain,  paint,  grease,  oil,  etc., 
by  some  manner  of  covering.  Of  course,  different  kinds 
of  work  will  require  different  kinds  of  dress.  If  pos- 
sible, old  clothing  may  be  worn,  in  which  case  the 
worker's  body  can  easily  assume  any  position  and  not 
be  encumbered  by  excess  clothing.  With  most  clothing 
protectors  it  is  not  convenient  to  work  in  any  other 
than  a  standing  position. 

Plate  1  shows  five  boys  differently  attired.  Tho 
first  is  wearing  an  apron  which  is  sufficient  covering 
for  ordinary  bench  work;  the  second  is  equipped  with 
coveralls  which  make  the  best  possible  covering  for 
any  kind  of  work,  especially  wood  turning  where  dust, 
shavings,  oil  and  stain  are  likely  to  fly  on  the  shirts, 
shoulders  and  collar.     It  also  protects  the  back  of  the 


PERSONAL  EQUIPMENT 


Plate  1. 


trousers,  shirt,  etc.  The  shop  coat  and  cap,  number 
three,  are  very  good  as  they  give  nearly  as  much 
protection  as  the  coveralls.  The  second  and  third 
give  protection  to  the  worker  who  might  back  into  a 
painted  article  not  yet  dry.  The  short  coat  and  a^)ron 
are  good  hut  they  do  not  give  the  protection  afforded 
l>y  the  second  and  third.  The  short  coat,  number  nve, 
if  used  with  overalls  would  he  good,  but  when  worn 
alone  gives  no  protection  below  the  waist. 

A  light  weight  cloth  cap  will  keep  the  hair  out  of 
the  wearer's  eyes  and  also  shade  them.  It  will  also 
protect  the  hair  from  dust,  dirt  and  oil.  The  boys  in 
the  picture  arc  wearing  paper  caps  given  away  for 
advertising  purposes. 

Each  worker  should  be  provided  with  a  lead  pencil, 
not  too  soft,  a  pocket  knife  and  a  two  foot,  four  fold 
rule.     It  is  not  good  practice  to  borrow  pencils. 

A  towel  and  some  good  soap  should  be  kept  in  the 
locker. 

When  on  certain  jobs  of  white  wood  to  be  varnished, 
it  is  quite  necessary  to  keep  the  hands  clean. 

To  provide  good  working  conditions  the  shop  should 
bo  well  lighted  and  not  too  warm.  Sixty  degrees  is  a 
good  temperature. 


10 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


Standards  and  Conventions 

It  is  unfortunate  that  the  schools  of  the  country 
have  not  established  a  standard  set  of  conventions  for 
representing  articles  by  drawings.  Those  who  may  use 
conventions  different  from  those  used  in  the  following 
drawings  will  have  no  difficulty  in  understanding  the 
drawings  if  they  will  refer  to  the  standards  indicated 
here. 

After  an  investigation  of  the  standards  used  in  over 
fifty  of  the  largest  and  most  important  factories  and 
institutions  in  the  country,  and  then  compiling  a  book- 
let which  was  submitted  to  these  concerns  for  criticism, 
it  was  found  that  these  standards  were  most  generally 
used,  and  so  were  adopted  by  the  drawing  department 
of  the  Detroit  Public  Schools. 

The  conventional  lines  are  shown  on  Plate  2  the 
exact  weight,  length  and  spacing  they  should  be  made 
on  a  drawing,  but  on  the  drawings  of  the  projects  they 
will  appear  lighter  in  weight  due  to  the  fact  that  they 
were  made  the  correct  weight  on  the  original  drawing, 
but  when  the  cut  was  made,  were  reduced. 

The  illustrations  with  dimensions  show  the  proper 
method  of  dimensioning  and  indicating  notes  for  dif- 
ferent parts.  It  is  proper  to  make  the  full  or  half 
arrow  on  the  leader  lines. 

Note  that  in  the  section  the  bolt  is  not  cross  hatched. 
This  method  should  be  followed  in  drawing  bolts,  nails, 


screws,  etc.,  where  sections  are  made  to  more  clearly 
indicate  the  construction  of  a  part. 

Perspective,  isometric  and  cabinet  sketches  are  used 
to  show  the  assembled  model,  and  the  relation  of  the 
parts.  These  sketches  picture  the  model  better  than 
the  mechanical  drawing. 

Construction  Problems 

Plate  3  illustrates  the  methods  for  making  the 
common  layouts  used  in  constructing  the  parts  of  the 
following  projects. 

The  quadrant  is  90  degrees  or  one-quarter  of  a  circle. 

The  semicircle  is  180  degrees  or  one-half  of  a  circle. 

Other  constructions  show  methods  for  locating  cen- 
ters, finding  the  lengths  of  arcs,  dividing  a  line  into  a 
certain  number  of  equal  parts,  and  others  that  will  be 
of  use  in  making  this  series  of  models. 

The  hexagon  and  octagon  are  shapes  that  are  com- 
monly used  for  tabouret  tops,  lamp  bases,  etc. 

It  is  often  quite  necessary  to  know  how  to  lay  out  a 
pentagon,  star,  oval,  ellipse,  and  to  make  a  polygon  of 
any  number  of  sides  desired. 

Common  Joints 

Plate  4  is  not  intended  to  give  all  the  different 
kinds  of  joints  in  use,  but  merely  shows  the  kinds  most 
commonly  used  and  which  will  be  used  on  the  follow- 
ing projects. 


PLATE  2 


11 


Standards  ''~°  Conventions 


CONVENTIONAL 

LINES. 

BORDER  LINE 

HEAVY 

OBJECT  LINE 

riEDIUM 

CENTER  LINE 


FINE 


HIDDEN  EDGE    LINE      HEDIUM 
PROJECTION  LINE       FINE 
CONSTRUCTION  LINE    FINE 


Lr 


DIMENSION  LINE 


^ 


"^ 


\    ™^ 


n 


oiiJi' 


-REFERENCE 
LINE 

-LEADER 


DIMENSIONS 


OR    -o?*---      ^       ^ 
DRIL 


'-r 


?\ 


-^ 


f 


PERSPECTIVE 


SKETCHES 


ISOMETRIC 


/6 


^ 


*\76\-    THir 


SECT  ION 


m= 


i) 


CABINET 


PLATE  3 


Ow|rtO«-*<vr  .  90' 


5£MiCiRCt.£  -ISO" 


GEOMETRIC  CONSTRUCTIONS. 


To  Fif^Q   CehiTSf   O" 
Oiven  Square 


Draw  Diagonal.^  AB 
AnO  CD  li^TERSecTiOi^ 
O  Is  Ccnter  Of  Squar£ 


To  8istcT  A  Given  Ai^glc 


With  O  A3  >^   CENTea. 
A/v£>  A^vr  Radius.  PfiAW 
Afic  A8    From  Points    I 
And  ^  Ora^  Ancs  Intcr- 
SEOTINO  J^T    3    L//V£   03 
BfsacTS    The  Ah/aue 


To  Dt^Aw  An  Afic  Through 
3  Poii-jt^  not   In    Ti-il 
SAfiE   Straight    Line. 


FROrj  A  A  NO   8 
DRA\N    a  ACS 

In  tersec  T/nO 
At  I  -aNP  £_ANO 
FROn  &  ANO  c 
Intlrsectino 
L iNE 5  From 
if,  3  Through 
'ENTER  Of  Arc 


At  3  AfjDt 
I  TmRouoi 
-3  C/v£  O. 


To  OiviOE    A  Giv£.N 
5TRAtGMT   UNE.AS  AD, 
Into  Any  NunBtR   Of  Equa. 
Pa  r  tj  (5a  y  s) 


S.c 


From  a 
£>RAW 
AC  AT 
,      ^     ^  A/^v 

A    7    a    9      ^       Angle. 
Using 
Af^t"  Convenient  Measure- 

rltNT    LAy  Oe^    fiEQulREO 

3RACE.5  At  /,  e.  J,  a,  J.  OfiAiN 
S3  Lines  Drawn  From  *?. 
3.  3  AN0  I  PAffALLE.L.  To  S3 
OiviDf.  AB  Into  5  EqualP^rts 


\ 


Atj  Arc  S&ing  Given^ 
To  FiNO  A  Straight 
LinC  Of  Equal  L£ivcth 

Divide  arc 
AB  Into 
Equal. 
D/visio/vs 
^    SriALL 

OlVISlONS      WI1.L    OlVC 

Greater  Accuracy  Lay 
Off  Same    Divisions   Om 
Straight  Line    Oiving 
AC  Equal    To   Arc  A& 


Inscribed   Figure  s 


To  PRAW  A  Hejcagon 

Set  Dividers 
To  LtNCTH 
Of  Desired 
5iOE  And 
Describe 
CiRCi-E   From 
A  AND  3  With  Same 
Padius_  Draw  Afics 
Cutting  Circle  At  /.3.3 
Ano   «?     Connect  These 
Points    For  Pesireo 
HEaagon 


To  Draw  Ai^Octagon 

Draw  ABCO 
Local  To  En 
Closing  SouAttE 
F.^O  CENTER  O 
FaoM   A    e.  C 
AND  D,  With  Radius  AG. 
DRAW  ARCS   Cutting 
Square   at   Points    /,  ^, 
3,  tf  3   £   7  An/D  8  Connect 
These     Poults  For 
P€5lREO     Octaoon 


To   Draw  a  Pentagon 

Describe  Re- 
quired Circle 
Find  Center 
Of  Radius  OA 
At  0    FaoM 
3  With  Pad 
Be  Cut  PiA    AE   At  P 
FRor-j    C    With   Rap    CP 
Cut  Circle  At    I   and  ^ 
From  /and  2.   With  Same 
Pad  Get  3  ano  ^3.   I  C  a  3 
■?  Is  RtouiREO     Pentagon 


To   PfiAw   A 
Five   Point eo    STAfi 


Di  vide 
PEQuiRed 
Circle 
Into  Five. 
Equal 
Parts  As  For  Pentagon 
Connect    Points   as 
Shown 


Oval 


On  Dia  AB   Pes  - 
CRiOE  A  Circle 
Frqi-j  Center    C 
Draw   CP^  Perren- 
DiCuLAf*   To    A& 
Df^AW   APF  A'^o  &PE 
From    a   Draw 
ARC    8F     Ano   FfiOM  3  PRAw 
ARC    AE       FROm  P  OftAw     ARC 
E  F       A<3BF E    Is   ReociREO  Oval 


To  Dr. 


AfpfiOKit^ATe 

A&  ->«(.  CP 
Are   ffAJOR  Anq 
Minor   Ares 
Make  Of  ai^cOe 
=  To  AB  -  CP 

MAKE     OH    ANO 

OC.  =  To  ^  OF 
Draw  Fna .  F03  EHt  a^d 
EGa  From  £  ano  F  Draw  arcs 
lO^  Afvo  ^C3    From    g  a/-jd  m 

DRAn    f:\RGS    2  0  3      AfJO      I  A^ 


OF 


To  Inscribe  A    /Secular    Polygon    Of 
vr  Number  Of  Sides  In  A  Given    Ci»Ci.E 

PiviDE  OiA  A  7  Into  Same 
No  Of  Parts  As  Polygon 
Has  Sides  £xT£/vo  Dia 
CD  Making  CF  ^   To   ^  Of 
Ct     Through    F  and  < 
The  Second  Division  On 
A  7.   PpAYv  F C>,  Cutting 
Circumference  At  o 
^  The   Chof>o   AC    Is   0/v£ 

5ioe   Of    Thc   Reqw^e-O    /=t><_>-..o'/ 


PLATE  4 


13 


Common  joints 


MITCRJOINT 


14 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


The  procedure  for  laying  out  the  Joints  is  not  given 
because  there  are  many  volumes  in  every  library  en- 
tirely devoted  to  joinery.  These  should  be  consulted 
freely  for  any  information  concerning  joint  construc- 
tion which  it  may  be  necessary  to  have'.  The  Bruce 
Publishing  Company  will  at  any  time  be  glad  to  recom- 
mend the  best  and  latest  volumes  on  manual  arts  work. 

The  dado  joint  is  used  in  making  book  racks,  settin;:^ 
tabouret  tops  into  the  legs,  etc.  The  half  lap  joint  is 
used  in  constructing  spreaders,  making  braces,  etc. 
This  joint  may  also  be  made  by  making  the  cutouts 
on  the  edges  of  the  pieces  as  well  as  on  the  working 
faces. 

A  dowel  joint  may  be  used  in  any  kind  of  a  top 
where  several  pieces  are  to  be  used,  or  instead  of  the 
mortise  and  tenon  joint  in  joining  a  rail  or  a  spreader 
to  a  leg. 

The  mortise  and  tenon  joint  is  most  commonly  used 
in  table  and  chair  construction. 

A  butt  or  rabbet  joint  is  made  use  of  in  box  con- 
struction, and  a  lap  or  miter  joint  in  making  picture  or 
other  frames. 

Tools 

Teachers  and  others  who  work  with  boys  are  often 
asked  by  boys  and  parents,  especially  around  Christ- 
mas, to  makf  a  list  of  tools  that  might  be  recommended 
for  the  home  shop.     Tools  make  excellent  Christmas 


and  birthday  gifts.  The  average  boy  Is  not  familiar 
with  tools,  hence  does  not  understand  quality,  pnd  does 
not  know  what  to  select  if  the  choice  is  left  to  him. 

Usually  the  person  who  does  the  buying  knows  little 
more  than  the  boy.  The  result  is  that  the  gift  consists 
of  a  nice  looking  tool  box  filled  with  cheap  tools — some 
that  may  never  be  used  at  all  and  others  that  were 
selected  more  for  looks  than  the  practical  use  that 
might  be  made  of  them. 

Expensive  tools  are  the  cheapest  in  the  end.  The 
best  way  to  select  a  set  is  to  inquire  of  experienced  tool 
workers  as  to  what  make  is  best  and  then  select  each 
tool  individually.  By  adding  new  tools  now  and  then, 
and  taking  good  care  of  them,  one  soon  acquires  a  com- 
plete equipment  without  noticing  the  amount  of  money 
invested. 

The  following  is  a  list  recommended  for  the  home 
shop: 

1  Jack  plane  14"  1  Combination    hacksaw, 

1  6"  Try  square  ^ip  and  crosscut 

1  Cross    cut    saw    20"— 10      1  Turning  saw 

point  1  Nail  set 

1  Rip  saw  20"— 8  point  1  Pencil  compass 

1  Steel  rule  12"  1  Hammer,  Maydole  13 

1  Carpenter's  square  1  Spoke  shave 

1  Wood  rasp  1  Jack  knife 


COMMONLY  USED  HARDWARE 


15 


1  Oil  stone 

1  'A"  Chisel 

1  1"     Auger  bit 

1  Marking  gauge 

1  %"  Auger  bit 

1  ,=c"  Twist  drill 

1  >2"  Auger  bit 

1  Ratchet  bit  brace 

1  %"  Auger  bit 

1  Rectangular  scraper 

1  V-i"  Auger  bit 

1  Bit  file 

1  Rose  countersink 

1  Screwdriver 

1  1"     Chisel 

1  Pair  pliers 

1  1/2"  Chisel 

1  Screwdriver  bit 

1  %"  Chisel 

1  3  sided  saw  file 

Commonly  Used  Hardware 

It  has  been  the  author's  experience  that  few  people 
know  the  trade  names  for  comniQn  hardware  and  spe- 
cial tools.  Considerable  time  and  parley  would  be 
saved  in  the  hardware  store  if  the  purchaser  knew  the 
trade  names  of  the  articles  he  wished  to  buy. 

One  place  where  this  should  be  taught  every  boy 
is  in  the  manual  training  class.  For  this  reason  sev- 
-eral  pages  are  here  devoted  to  cuts  of  hardware  and 
special  tools  that  are  found  .in  most  households  and 
are  used  in  the  average  shop' some  time  or  other.  These 
cuts,  however,  show  only  one  article  of  each  variety, 
using  the  trade  name  to  identify  it.  Many  of  the 
articles  can  be  purchased  in  a  variety  of  sizes  and 
lengths. 

Plate  5  showing  special  tools  contains  a  tew  that 
will  be  found  very  convenient  for  doing  certain  jobs. 
The  rotary  head  glazier's  hammer  is  used  for  driving 


glazier's  points.  Two  coping  saw  blades  are  shown,  one 
having  a  pin  in  each  end  for  fastening,  and  the  other 
simply  an  eye  turned.  The  cornering  tool  is  for  finish- 
ing corners  uniformly,  and  the  tracing  wheel  is  for 
tracing  patterns.  Circular  snips  are  used  for  cutting 
circular  pieces,  and  pinking  irons  for  making  fancy 
scallops  on  edges  of  certain  materials. 

Plate  G,  cabinet  trimmings,  and  Plate  7,  hasp  locks 
and  hinges,  give  (\\ule  a  complete  selection  of  require- 
ments for  the  amateur  craftsman. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  screw  hooks  and  eyes  are  not 
named  according  to  their  shape,  but  instead  they  are 
listed  by  numbers  which  vary  in  different  catalogs. 
Plate  8. 

Plate  9  shows  many  different  articles  in  hardware 
required  in  different  parts  of  the  household. 

Shop  Kinks  and  Information 

Use  a  brad  awl  to  bore  for  fine  brads  to  prevent 
splitting  the  piece. 

Do  not  put  water  in  hot  lead— it  will  explode. 

To  do  soldering  the  iron  must  first  be  tinned.  File 
the  point  to  brighten  the  surfaces,  then  heat  the  Iron 
and  rub  in  a  hole  on  a  piece  of  salamoniac  containing 
a  drop  of  solder.  If  properly  tinned,  the  iron  will 
appear  bright  and  shiny.  The  iron  must  be  k"pl  clean 
and  well  tinned.  A  good  fiux  must  bo  used,  and  the 
metal  to  be  soldered  must  be  thoroughly  scraped  and 


16 


PLATE 


*^^^=:^::^==— =^  mZ 


---liners'       ^«a»=^  lettering  brush 

Glass  Cutter  Round  Nose  Side  Cu  t  ting  Pl  iers 


Bar  Cabine  t  Cla  mp 


PLATE  6 


n 


CornirOrAnoleIrons 


Mending  Plate 


Corner  Brace 


Cabinet  trimmings     brass boxcorncrs 


UNFINISHED  VJOOD KNOBS  CHEST HANDLE 


Glass  KNOBS 


J 


y^  Box  HANDLE 

POL  I  SHED  Brass  Knob  Drawer  handle 


BRASS  SCREW  KNOB 


Card  HOLDER 


Drawer  Pull 


Porcelain  Shutter  Knob    DropDrawcrPuu 
Box  Pull 


t 


,^.>T' 


CARDHOLDERgPULL   pi^u^^p/^Q  FLUSH  DRAWER  PULL  BOX  PuLL 


SPRING  Or 

Fric  tion 
Catch 


IS 


PLATE  7 


HASPS 


Stlel  Hinge  5l  iOes 


Hasps 'L  ocks-hinces 


Locks 


Box Ca tch 


m 

DRAVJER  LOCH 


Suit  Case  LOCK 


WARDROBE  Lock 


SUI  TCASECA  TCH£S 


Hinges 


BrassButt 


Ball  Tip  loose  fim  Hinge 


T  Hinge 


Friction  Hinges 


Strap  Hinge 
FANCYBOXH/NGES 


PLATE  8 


19 


ScP£  M  HrioK 


^tmtm 

SCREVi  HQOK 


,--J; 


Scffcvi  Eye 

■' ^\\  I  if^ 

BrassShouloerMook 

Brass  Cup  Hook 


HOOKS  AND  EYES 


^(^^ — .^^-^ 

W/PC  GATC  HOOK  ANOEyC 


Ring  And  Staple  razor  Strop  Hooh 


^ 


Hitching  Ring 


WROUGHT  GATEHOOKAnOSrAPLE 


..-.J^' '^  Picture  NooH  \J-<^  \j? 

Y    -   -- -— -  WIRECEIUNOHOOK  COATANDHATHCON 


Hook  audeve 


Robe  hook 


Brass  Screw  Ring 


mna 


[fflHHJtii'O) 


Kitchenhook 


Co  A  tAnd  Ha  t  Hook 


Floor  Hook 


Robe  Hook 


PLATE  9 


LincClcat 


HARDWARE 


GA5TEFIS 


Springcotter 


SHCLF  BRACKET 


Shelf  Rest 


DOOR  Button       Corruca  ted  Fas  tener 

Turn  BUCKLE  double  eye  Bolt 

E.LB0V1   Catches 


CRIP  NECKSOCKF-  t 


Square  Plate 


Sliding  Or  Dome 


\NA5HERS 


VJROucH  T       Lock 


Cast  viasher 

AwN/NG  Pulleys 


Screw  Pulleys 


^m 


OPEN  INCL  05CD 


Rivets 

IRON  RIVET 

T 

Tinners'  Rivet 


m 


COPPER  Rivets,  Burrs 

\  mi.  ^ 

TUBULAR  Rivet 


Slotted  Clmch Rivet 


Rivet  SetAndHeader 


BITS  AND   DRILLS 


21 


sanded,  and  covered  with  the  flux.  To  do  good  work 
the  joint  must  be  heated  to  the  melting  point  of  the 
solder. 

Never  use  anything  but  a  pencil  for  laying  out  a 
bevel  or  a  chamfer. 

When  planing  a  bevel  or  chamfer,  hold  the  work  in 
a  hand  screw. 

Use  a  washer  cutter  for  making  wooden  wheels. 

For  wheels  on  small  carts  use  wooden  button  molds. 

When  driving  screws  in  end  grain,  first  bore  a  hole 
at  right  angles  to  the  path  of  the  screw  and  drive  a 
plug  in  the  hole.  The  threads  of  the  screw  must  pass 
through  the  plug. 

Use  bank  pins  for  joining  toys  as  they  can  be  ob- 
tained in  any  length. 

Before  gluing  two  surfaces,  first  score  with  the 
point  of  a  knife  diagonally  across  the  surfaces.  This 
makes  an  opening  for  the  glue  to  work  into. 

Always  wipe  off  surplus  glue  with  a  damp  cloth 
before  it  sets. 

When  pulling  nails  with  a  hammer,  place  a  block 
between  the  work  and  the  hammer  head. 

Place  the  coping  saw  blade  in  the  frame  with  the 
teeth  pointing  toward  the  handle.  For  best  results  use 
Vs  inch  pin  end  blades. 


Bits  and  Drills 

Bits  and  drills,  (Plate  10),  are  used  for  making 
holes  in  different  kinds  of  material.  It  seems  tiultc 
difficult  for  most  boys  to  tell  from  the  numbers  on  the 
shank  of  the  bit  what  size  hole  that  particular  bit  will 
bore.  This  is  very  ea.«:y  if  you  will  keep  in  mind  the 
following  information. 

Auger  bits  are  numbered  in  sixteenths  and  are 
graded  in  size  from  :i  16  to  20  IC  in.,  or  l'/,  in.  Twist 
drills  or  drill  bits  are  numbered  in  thirty-seconds  and 
range  from  3  32  to  18/32  in.,  or  9,  IG  in.  Drill  points 
are  numbered  in  sixty-fourths  and  range  from  4  G4,  or 
1  IG  in.,  to  11/64  in. 

Electricians'  bits  run  in  length  from  18  to  24  In., 
and  bore  %  to  %  in.  Extensions  from  20  to  30  in.  can 
be  added  to  this  length. 

Expansive  bits  u.sually  have  two  sets  of  cutters  and 
will  bore  %  to  4  in.  in  diameter. 

Forstner  or  center  bits  are  used  for  boring  in  thin 
wood  that  is  liable  to  split.  Forstner  bits  are  used  for 
boring  holes  nearly  through  a  piece  where  it  Is  neces- 
sary that  the  spur  should  not  come  through  on  the 
other  side. 

Countersinks  are  made  in  different  varieties  and  cut 
at  different  angles  to  countersink  wide  and  shallow  or 
deep  and  narrow.     A  handle  to  fit  the  shank  of  a  coun- 


PLATK  in 


Bits  ^^  Drills. 


AuotR  Bit 


Smor-t  OowtL  Bit 


CICIC' 


£>ou9l£  3t/vcrL£   ThRF.AP 

TmREAQ  Scpaw  Point 

POiN  T  GORir^O 


GiMLCT 


Or  (l  l  Fop   Wood 


DfiiLL  For  M^t/^l  Or  Wood 


T\NiS7  Drill   FOR  MaT^L 


BRADS,  SCREWS  AND  FASTENINGS 


23 


tersink,  bit,  drill  or  screwdriver  is  convenient  whore 
only  a  little  work  is  to  be  done. 

Bit  flies  are  necessary  for  sharpening  bits  and  arc 
specially  cut,  having  some  sides  left  smooth.  Washer 
cutters  are  made  for  cutting  washers  and  gaskets  of 
leather,  rubber  and  other  material,  but  may  be  used  for 
making  wooden  wheels.  •  Bit  gages  are  made  in  dif- 
ferent styles  and  are  convenient  as  they  stop  the  bit 
cutting  at  a  certain  depth. 

Many  varieties  of  braces,  hand  drills  and  automatic 
drills  are  made  for  holding  bits,  etc.,  for  ordinary 
drilling.  Special  types  are  also  made  to  be  used  for 
drilling  where  It  is  impossible  or  awkward  lo  use  the 
ordinary  common  or  ratchet  brace. 

Brads,  Screws  and  Fastenings 

Most  fastenings  come  in  different  sizes  and  lengths. 
For  the  purpose  of  determining  these  sizes,  certain 
gages  are  made.     Plate  11. 

It  is  necessary  to  know  the  sizes  of  nails,  screws, 
bolts,  etc.,  as  holes  of  the  proper  size  must  be  bored 
for  these  fastenings,  otherwise  small  parts  will  split 
by  having  the  fastenings  forced  into  them. 

Rusty  screws,  bolts  and  nuts  are  difficult  to  remove. 
To  remove  screws,  apply  a  red  hot  iron  to  the  head  of 
the  screw,  then  use  the  screwdriver  while  the  screw  is 
still  hot.     For  rusty  bolts  or  nuts,  apply  kerosene  and 


allow  it  to  stand  until  the  rust  has  softened.  Try  to 
start  with  a  wrench,  but  if  it  does  not  start  easily,  rap 
on  one  end  with  a  hammer,  or  a  hammer  and  cold 
chisel.  This  will  usually  start  a  ruste<l  nut  or  bolt 
without  twisting  off  the  bolt. 

It  is  ncHiessary  to  countersink  for  flat  head  screws 
but  not  for  round  head  screws. 

Nails  come  in  different  sizes  from  two  penny  lo 
sixty  penny.  Those  larger  than  si.xty  penny  are  known 
as  spikes.     Following  is  a  list  of  lengths: 

2d  1"       No.  15  wire  lOd  3"       No.  9  wire 

3d  I'/i"  No.  14  wire  12d  314"  No.  9  wire 

4d  V/z"  No.  121/3  wire  16d  3'/i"  No.  8  wire 

5d  1%"  No.  12 1/2  wire  20d  4"      No.  6  wire 

6d  2"       No.  111/2  wire  30d  4^4"  No.  5  wire 

7d  2'A"  No.  111/4  wire  40d  5"      No.  4  ,wlre 

8d  2V2"  No.  IQi/i  wire  50d  51/2"  No.  3  wire 

9d  2%"  No.  10 '/i  wire  60d  6"      No.  2  wire 

Box  nails  run  from  4d  to  lOd;  casing  and  finishing 
from  4d  to  Id;  flooring  from  8d  to  lOd,  and  brads 
from  %  in.  No.  20  to  3  in.  No.  11.  Screws  run  in  vari- 
ous sizes  from  14  in.  No.  0  to  4  in.  No.  24. 

Tacks,  staples,  lag  screws,  bolts  and  nuts  come  In 
different  lengths  and  gages.  Screws,  bolts,  set  screws, 
nuts,  etc.,  var>'  according  to  the  number  of  threads  per 
inch. 


24 


PLATE  11 


Nails. 


Brads.  Screws  ^^ Fastenings. 


Bolts 


^■"^ 


Common  Wire. 


pKI'Jt 
OR 

^MOQ-TH  Box  Screw  Nail 


(» 


Casing 


Finishing 


Chair  St^T 


Flooring  Brad  | 

Rubber  Heap 

Shingl  e 


CiOAR  Box       Brads        Furniture 


Screws 

Flat  head  Oval  head 


FiouND  Heap 


Dowel ' 


'f  ^=^""      y£^s& 


Hand  ff^/L 


Cut 


1 1 

Gimp 

Till 
Uf 

Carpet 

nn 

Double  Pointed 


Escutcheon  Pins 


Staples 

c 

WROUGHT  Steel 

Fence 

C~~.        cz 

Poultry-  Net    Blind 

Machine 


Stove  Bolts 


Flat  Head      Round  Head 


Iron  Cap  Screw 


Iron  Set  Screw 


Machine  Screws 


mms^        wms^      MMy£ 

Flat  head       Round  Head    Fillester  head 


SANDPAPER  AND  FINISH 


Sandpaper  and  Finish 

Sandpaper  is  made  by  sifting  specially  graded  sand 
or  other  abrasive  on  paper,  the  surface  of  which  has 
been  covered  with  glue.  It  is  used  to  wear  down  sur- 
faces and  to  give  a  smooth  finish.  Tlie  sand  used  is 
graded  from  very  fine,  four  naught  (0000),  to  K.  and 
coarse  from  1  to  3. 

Always  sandpaper  with  the  grain  of  the  wood.  When 
sanding  rough  wood  it  is  quite  convenient  to  place  the 
sandpaper  on  a  l)lock.  The  block  may  he  made  of  wood, 
or  better  still,  several  thicknesses  of  beaver  or  wall 
board  glued  together.  A  block  of  heavy  felt  is  very 
good  as  it  will  conform  to  irregular  surfaces.  The 
sandpaper  placed  on  the  fingers  alone  should  only  be 
used  in  rubbing  down  a  finished  surface.  When  start- 
ing to  sandpaper  a  piece  of  work,  first  use  coarse  paper 
and  finish  with  very  fine.  A  few  drops  of  oil  applied  to 
the  last  piece  used  will  produce  good  results. 

To  preserve  wood  and  other  materials  from  the 
elements,  and  to  add  beauty,  they  must  be  treated  in 
some  way.    This  is  known  to  the  trade  as  finish. 

As  It  is  quite  difficult  to  apply  finish  without  splash- 
ing and  spattering  during  the  process  of  mixing  and 
applying,  a  special  place  for  the  work  is  necessary.  If 
the  work  is  done  at  the  bench,  the  bench  top  should  be 
covered    with    papers,    for   it   is   only   a   very   careless 


person  who  will  mar  the  top  of  his  work  bench  wllli 
paint,  stain  or  varnish. 

It  is  not  always  convenient  to  wear  gloves  to  pro- 
tect the  hands  from  the  stain,  but  if  soap  is  forced 
under  the  nails  by  scratching  on  the  bar  before  begin- 
ning the  work,  the  nails  will  be  kept  clean.  If  the 
nails  are  clean,  turpentine,  gasoline  or  soap  and  hot 
water  will  put  the  hands  in  good  condition.  By  using 
waxed  paper,  such  as  comes  wrapped  about  bread,  to 
hold  rubbing  materials,  the  hands  will  be  protected. 

The  nature  of  tlie  object,  the  use  to  be  made  of  it 
and  where  it  will  be  placed  or  used,  will  determine  the 
kind  and  degree  of  finish  required. 

Finish 

The  article  may  be  painted,  enameled,  stained,  shel- 
laced, varnished,  oiled,  waxed,  etc.,  but  the  number  of 
coats  or  polish  necessary  will  depend  upon  the  require- 
ments of  the  object. 

Tlie  spreading  of  paint  and  enamel,  and  applying  a 
rubbed  or  a  French  polish,  requires  practice.  For  In- 
formation on  the  mixing,  application  and  the  amount 
of  finish,  paint  catalogs  or  books  on  finish  should  be 
consulted.  Free  books  can  be  obtained  at  most  paint 
stores,  and  there  are  many  books  at  the  public  library. 

Most  models  are  finished  by  first  preparing  the  sur- 
face with  a  plane  and  sandpaper. 


26 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


The  most  simple  finish  is  the  oil  finish,  produced  by 
the  application  of  boiled  linseed  oil  cut  with  a  little 
turpentine. 

Good  results  have  been  obtained  by  using  lor 
mahogany,  Acme  Dark  Mahogany  No.  36,  Acme  Walnut 
No.  35.  and  Bridgeport  R  Y  Golden  Oak  Stain.  A  good 
walnut  or  oak  stain  can  be  made  by  mixing  the  follow- 
ing— 3  parts  lamp  black  ground  in  oil;  2  parts  boiled 
oil;  1  part  burnt  umber,  and  G  parts  turpentine. 

If  provided  with  cans  of  the  following  paint — white, 
black,  red,  yellow  and  blue — any  color  can  be  produced. 
For  example,  red  and  yellow  make  orange;  yellow  and 
blue  make  green,  and  red  and  blue  make  violet.  By 
adding  white  to  any  of  these  colors  a  tint  of  that  color 
may  be  obtained.  For  example,  green  plus  white  gives 
light  green. 

Do  not  paint  one  color  joining  another  until  the 
first  has  dried.    If  you  do  they  will  run  together. 

Always  apply  shellac  to  knots  before  giving  the 
priming  coat  of  paint. 

Show  card  colors  dry  quickly,  and  if  covered  with  a 
quick  drying  white  varnish  arc  excellent  for  decorating 
toys. 

Paint,  striping  and  lettering  brushes  should  not  be 
left  to  harden.  Wash  out  in  gasoline  or  gold  dust  and 
hot  water.  If  set  away,  see  that  the  bristles  of  the 
brushes  are  covered  with  water,  oil  or  kerosene. 


Laying-Out  Tools 

To  do  good  work  easily  and  rapidly,  a  workman,  be 
he  man  or  boy,  must  have  tools  and  they  should  be  good 
ones.  Too  often  one  sees  a  worker  using  tools  for  pur- 
poses for  which  they  were  never  intended. 

Rules  come  in  quite  a  variety  of  forms  but  those 
illustrated  are  used  more  than  any  others.  The  one 
foot  steel  rule  is  very  convenient.  Because  of  its  thin- 
ness, measurements  can  be  laid  off  along  its  edge  very 
accurately.  The  two  foot,  four,fold  rule  folds  com- 
pactly and  can  be  carried  in  the  pocket. 

Work  that  does  not  require  great  accuracy  may  be 
marked  out  with  a  medium  grade  pencil,  the  point  of 
which  should  be  sharp.  Where  great  accuracy  is  re- 
quired as  in  the  laying  out  of  joints,  a  sharp  pointed 
knife  is  essential.  The  sloyd  knife  is  convenient  but 
the  jack  knife  can  be  carried  in  the  pocket  and  will 
answer  all  purposes. 

The  try  square  is  essential  for  testing  for  square- 
ness, that  is,  to  see  if  adjacent  sides  are  at  right  angles 
to  each  other.  It  is  also  used  for  laying  out  lines 
drawn  across  the  grain  and  for  testing  evenness  of 
surfaces.  Do  not  use  it  as  a  hammer.  The  framing 
square  is  larger  and  is  used  for  work  that  is  too  large 
for  the  try  square. 

The  bevel  is  similar  to  the  tr>'  square.  Unlike  It, 
however,  it  has  a  movable  blade  that  can  be  fastened  in 


TLATF.  12 


27 


Laying-Out  Iools. 


/■Ft.  Stcel  Rule. 


FR/>niNa  3ou/if>c 


rnm 


miiD 


mm 


mn 


|III|III|III|III|IIIIIMIIIIIIII|III| 


i-uiuiqujjii 


TiBWililililitmiiliTirtfflitiliiiltitiW 


mm 


*?)      Wk 


Sloyd  Knife 


Jack  Knife 


Tffv-  Souaoe 


Blade 
Beam 


/ 


Diviocas 


Sfua 


Madking  CaC£ 

■  Thumb  ScKeyv 


HtAO 


Beam  lcos 


28 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


any  position.  It  is  us<'(l  lor  laying  out  and  testing 
angles. 

The  marking  gage  is  used  lor  laying  out  lines  along 
the  grain  of  a  piece  of  wood.  The  head  moves  along 
the  beam  and  can  be  fastened  by  the  thumb  screw  at 
any  distance  from  the  spur.  As  received  from  the 
factory,  the  spur  is  set  accurately  with  reference  to  the 
graduations  on  the  beam,  but  from  use  and  sharpening 
it  will  not  remain  so.  To  insure  accuracy,  the  rule 
should  be  used  to  check  each  setting.  It  is  advisable 
in  school  shops  to  plane  off  the  graduations  and  require 
the  students  to  measure  the  setting. 

To  lay  out  arcs  and  circles  the  pencil  compass  and 
dividers  are  used.  Both  legs  of  the  dividers  are  metal 
while  one  leg  of  the  compass  holds  a  lead  or  compass. 
The  compass  can  generally  be  used  but  for  more  accu- 
rate work  the  dividers  are  necessary.     Plate  12. 

Saws 

A  saw  has  a  definite  use  that  no  other  cutting  tool 
can  be  put  to  and  accomplish  the  work  as  well. 

Saws  are  used  for  cutting  many  kinds  of  material, 
but  the  ones  considered  here  are  for  wood  only.  They 
are  of  two  general  classes,  crosscut  and  rip.  The  cross- 
cut is  used  for  cutting  across  the  grain  ami  the  rip  saw 
with  the  grain. 

In  order  to  accomplish  the  different  cutting,  it  is 
necessary  to  have  teeth  of- special  shapes.    Plate  13.    In 


Pigs.  1  and  2  we  see  the  teeth  of  a  crosscut  saw  from 
two  positions.  It  will  be  seen  from  these  figures  that  the 
edges  of  the  teeth  are  similar  to  a  series  of  knife  points, 
and  when  forced  across  the  grain  the  fibers  are  cut  off. 
Note  also  that  the  points  are  bent  alternately  to  the 
right  and  left.  The  bending  of  the  teeth  is  called  set- 
ting. Pig,  5.  Note  Pig.  3.  As  the  blade  of  the  saw  is 
forced  through  the  wood  a  saw  kerf  or  cut  must  be  left 
wider  than  the  thickness  of  the  blade.  Otherwise  the 
saw  will  bind  and  stick  in  the  wood.  The  parts  cut  off 
called  sawdust  are  carried  out  of  the  kerf  by  the  motion 
of  the  saw. 

The  rip  saw  teeth  have  a  different  action  to  perform, 
so  are  of  a  different  shape.  The  rip  saw  cuts  with  the 
grain  instead  of  across  it.  The  cutting  action  is  quite 
different.  It  might  be  compared  to  the  cutting  action 
of  a  chisel. 

Compare  the  shapes  of  the  teeth  in  Fig.  2  and  Pig.  8. 
Examine  Pig.  7  carefully  as  it  shows  the  cutting  action. 

Pig.  9  shows  a  handsaw  as  generally  referred  to. 
It  may  be  cross  or  rip.  The  saw  shown  in  Pig.  10  is 
also  a  handsaw  but  is  referred  to  as  a  back  saw.  The 
metal  strip  across  the  back  stiffens  it  for  accurate  work. 

Planes 

The  plane  is  one  of  the  most  important  tools  used  in 
wood   work.     It   is   the  most   complicated   and   requires 


PLATE  K! 


29 


0 


K/ftV   Of  CUTTiNG 

Edge  Of  Cf^osscur 

3^W  FFiOM  ^ao¥£ 

© 


Cf^OSSCUT      7e£TM, 

Showing  BtvEu  /^f^o 
3h^pe  .  Note  How 
Th£.\^ ^RE.   Filed. 


5aws. 


H^ND^^w '  (CfiasscuT  Or  ^/f>). 


C^OSS     Sec  TION     SHOW/fVG 

Hoyv  Cf^osscuT    Teeth    Operate 
iN  Cutting. 


@ 


% 


Qack  Saw. 


© 


® 


Looking  Down   On  Back 
Of  Sav\/  Showing  Set   Of  Teeth. 


View  Of  Cutting 
£PGE  Of  Rip  Saw 
FFiOt^  Aeo¥£   Ano 

^T   j^N  AA^OLE. 


V^IEW     3HOtVINC 

^CTio/v    Of   Rip 
S^w  Teeth. 


Rip  Saw  Heth 
Showing  Shape  ,  - 
Filed    Straight 

ACAOSS. 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


much  skill  to  use  it  ijropiTly  and  to  keep  it  in  good 
condition  for  use. 

Old  style  planes  were  made  of  wood  and  adjusted  by 
striking  with  a  hammer.  It  was  also  necessary  to  joint 
the  face  from  time  to  time. 

There  are  many  kinds  of  planes  designed  for  many 
purposes  but  the  principle  of  their  operation  is  the 
same  as  the  bench  planes  shown  in  Plate  14.  The 
planes  which  are  most  commonly  in  use  are  the  jack, 
smooth,  jointer  and  block  planes.  Should  it  be  possible 
to  have  only  one  plane  in  your  equipment,  let  it  be  the 
Jack  plane.  Buy  extra  blades  for  it  and  sharpen  them 
to  shapes  to  take  the  place  of  the  other  planes. 

The  use  of  these  different  planes  may  be  described 
as  follows:  The  jack  plane  is  used  for  removing  stock 
in  rather  large  quantities,  that  is,  for  making  the  first 
or  roughing  cuts.  It  is  about  15  in.  long.  The  jointer 
is  from  20  to  26  in.  long  and  is  used  to  straighten  sur- 
faces. Being  quite  long  it  will  only  cut  on  the  high 
spots,  thereby  gradually  bringing  an  uneven  surface  to 
one  that  is  true.  The  smooth  plane  is  9  or  10  in.  long 
and  used  only  for  smoothing  surfaces.  It  can  be  used 
on  irregular  surfaces  on  account  of  the  shortness  of 
the  bed.  The  block  plane  is  designed  for  use  on  end 
grain,  that  is,  at  right  angles  to  the  general  direction 
of  the  grain. 

The  construction  of  the  planes  is  shown  by  a  sec- 
tional view  showing  all  the  parts  in  position,  and  the 


smaller  parts  are  shown  separately.  The  plane  iron  and 
plane  iron  cap,  when  fastened  together,  are  known  as 
the  double  plane  iron.  For  ordinary  work  the  cap 
should  not  be  set  farther  than  -{g  in.  from  the  edge  of 
the  plane  iron.  For  cross  grained  wood  make  the  dis- 
tance less. 

The  lever  cap  holds  the  plane  iron  in  position  in  the 
plane  proper.  Note  the  cam  action  when  the  small 
lever  is  forced  down  into  position.  The  lever  cap  screw 
regulates  the  amount  of  pressure  exerted  on  the  plane 
iron. 

Turning  the  adjusting  nut  forces  the  plane  iron  in 
or  out  according  to  the  amount  of  shaving  it  is  desired 
to  cut.  The  lateral  adjusting  lever  adjusts  the  plane 
iron  across  the  throat  or  mouth  of  the  plane  so  the 
shaving  will  be  even  in  thickness  throughout  its  width. 

Planing  and  Scoring  Rules 


First  Method 

1  Plane  broad  surface. 

Mark  1 

2  Plane  edge.     Mark  2 


Cut    to    length.      Square 
other  end.     Mark  6 

Second  Method 


Gage  width.    Plane  other   1  Plane  broad  surface. 


edge.     Mark  3 
Gage  thickness. 

Mark  4 
Square  one  end. 


Mark  1 
Plane.      2  Plane  edge.     Mark  2 

3  Plane  one  end  square. 
Mark  5         Mark  3 


PLATE  14 


81 


Planes. 


L'ATCRAl.  ^OJUJTfMi  LC¥Cf* 


■SdCT,0/\i^L       l//fkV    O^    ^LAI^E. 


U/KaNE.  HANOLt     46FfK>0   AOjust- 
/?-  Knob  ff^C    SCA£W 

^b-HANOce    &OL.T      41  hanole  a^d 

I4'KnOG  '  KfsiOO      30LT 

i5'Plane  46'^f9oo    Adjust- 

HA/>iOLt   3c/few  INO     PLATe. 

ib-^ANC  Bottom  49- f^fK>o    adjust- 


32 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


4  Gage  thickness.    Plane.        6  Gage  width.     Plane  edge. 

Mark  4  Mark  6 

5  Cut  to  length.   Piano  end. 

Mark  5 

Scoring  Rules 

1  Hold  beam  on  2,  draw  2  Hold  beam  on  1,  draw 

across  1.  across  2. 

3  Hold  beam  on  1,  draw  4  Hold  beam  on  2,  draw 

across  3.  across  4. 

To  get  a  piece  of  wood  to  certain  definite  dimen- 
sions, it  is  necessary  that  the  work  be  done  in  a 
systematic  manner.  To  work  otherwise  will  not  obtain 
desired  results. 

Select  the  better  broad  face  and  plane  smooth  and 
true.  Plate  15.  Test  as  Fig.  1  and  Fig.  2,  also  diago- 
nally, and  lay  on  a  flat  surface  to  test  for  wind.  It 
should  lay  flat  and  not  rock.  This  is  called  the  -work- 
ing face  and  should  be  marked  1.  It  is  from  this  face 
that  all  future  measuring  should  be  done  and  on  it 
layouts  should  be  made. 

Next  plane  one  edge  straight  and  square  with  sur- 
face number  one.  To  test  for  straightness  hold  blade 
of  the  try  square  lengthwise  on  the  edge.  For  square- 
ness, hold  the  beam  of  the  square  against  surface  num- 


ber one  with  the  blade  extending  across  the  edge  as  in 
Fig.  3.    Mark  the  edge  2. 

Now  set  the  marking  gage  to  the  width  of  the  fin- 
ished piece,  and  with  the  head  resting  against  surface 
number  2  gage  a  line  the  entire  length  of  the  piece  on 
surface  number  one.  Plane  to  line,  test  as  for  side  2 
and  mark  number  3. 

The  fourth  step  is  to  reduce  to  thickness.  Gage  on 
surfaces  2  and  3  the  thickness  from  1.  Plane  off  sur- 
plus stock  and  mark  number  4. 

One  end  should  now  be  sawed.  Follow  the  scor- 
ing rules.  Hold  the  beam  of  the  try  square  against 
surface  number  2  with  the  blade  extending  across  num- 
ber 1.  With  a  knife  score  a  line  across  this  surface. 
Next,  holding  the  beam  against  the  surface  number  1, 
score  across  2  and  then  3.  Then,  holding  the  beam  on 
surface  number  2,  score  across  4.  If  your  work  is  accu- 
rate the  lines  will  meet  so  as  to  be  continuous  around 
the  piece.     Saw  to  line. 

Measure  the  desired  length,  score  around  the  piece 
and  saw  as  for  the  first  end. 

While  the  first  method  is  generally  used,  another 
method  that  will  give  very  excellent  results  to  begin- 
ners is  indicated  above. 


PLATE  15 


33 


Steps  In  Planing. 


Jt£P 


_f_-  Plane  Oi^e  Broad  SufiFAce 
SnooTH  And  True   Test  ^s  Snot/^N 
In  Fio  I  AND  Fic  2.    A    Third  Test 
Is  Across   D/aoonals.  Hark  One. 


Fio.  I. 


Step   ^  -  Plane    One  £oo£ 
Stra/oht,   And    Square  W/th 
One.   Hold  Beam  Of  .Square 
Against   One,   Blade    Across 
Two.    See    Fig-  3.    Mark    Two. 


Step  3  —  Oaoe    Foq   \A/iotm. 
Set   Head    Against    Tivo 
A/vo   Gace  On  One.    Plane 
To  Line  .  See  Fig.  4.  Mark  3. 


Step   d—  Cage   For   Thickness. 
Set   Head  Against   One  And 
Cage  On  Two   And    Three.  Plane 
To  Line  .    Mark    a. 


One 


Fig.  4. 


^r 


Step   S  —  Saw    One  End.  Set 
BEAn  Of   Square'  Against  Two 
And  Scope  Across    One,  Fig.  5. 
Next  Set  Beam  Against  One 
And  Score  ^Across    TWo  And 
Three  ,  Fig.  6.    Score  Across  Four 
With  Beai~>  On  Two,  Then  Saw. 


Step  6  —  /Measure   For 
Length.  Score   Acrqss 
Surfaces    ■^s  In  Step  5 
And  Saw  To   Length. 


34 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


WORK  BENCH 


This  liench  cun  he  niatlc  liy  the  average  boy.  The  vise 
screw  can  be  purchaser]  at  any  hanlware  stiire  for  (10  cents. 
A  metal  bench  stop  will  be  found  convenient.  The  lumber 
need  not  be  any  partlcuhir  kind,  some  of  the  dimensions  may 
be  changed  to  suit  lumber  you  have  on  hand. 

The  legs  are  of  the  proper  length  for  the  average  12  or 
14  year  old  boy,  l)ut  may  be  made  longer  to  suit  conditions. 

After  getting  the  legs  to  the  required  size  and  shape,  get 
out  parts  I  and  braces  C,  parts  J  and  D,  and  the  cross 
pieces  which  support  the  shelf.  When  these  are  cut  to  size, 
they  may  be  assembled.  The  shelf  may  next  be  cut  and  fas- 
tened to  the  supports.  l*^or  the  top,  get  liard  wood,  cut  to 
size,  and  attadi  to  the  frame,  togetlier  with  the  back  apron  E. 


I'arts  B  anil  F  will  also  give  better  service  if  nunic  of 
hard  wood.  B  Is  made  of  four  pieces  held  together  with 
screws.  F  should  be  fitted  to  B  before  the  pieces  making  up 
B  are  finally  assembled.  Fasten  F  to  A,  which  should  be 
made  of  hard  wood.  Hold  the  assembled  pieces,  F  and  A, 
in  jjroper  position  on  D  and  mark  on  the  latter  the  location 
for  the  hole  for  the  vise  screw.  Bore  the  required  hole,  then 
locate  the  petition  of  B  underneath  the  top  and  fasten. 

A  vise  handle  can  be  made  from  a  piece  of  broom  handle. 
Bore  two  small  holes  through  the  haniUe  near  each  enil,  place 
in  position  in  the  vise  screw,  and  secure  by  driving  pegs 
through   the  holes. 

The  bench  may  be  left  natural,  or  it  may  be  painted  or 
oiled  as  desired. 


PLATE  16 


35 


-^H, 


Front  Apron 


^tv 


-ao- 


^ 


-■ — r- 


^7| 


Rear  Apron 


/J 


il 


-ao- 


•WM\ 


=a 


* — T 


^-z/- 


-</o- 


\: 


I//   -^    \\l  J 


^R 


^ 


Work  Bench 


.  T"r>''^,!"^. 


'^  LJJ 


1-4^ 


^H  r- 


13'- 


^^ 


Hake  Four 


'4 


3 


■ir 


Make  Four 


36 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


COMBINATION   BENCH   HOOK 


Accuntc  work  Is  absolutely  neci^ssary.  Evory  piece  nuist 
1)0  ir.adt'  to  exact  lUmenslons,  all  comers  must  be  perfectly 
square,  and  the  various  pieces  must  be  located  accurately  with 
reference  to  each  other. 

Hard  wood  is  the  best  material  to  use.  (Jet  out  ;ill 
I)iocos  to  the  dimensions  indicated. 

First  assemble  miter  box,  observing  directions  on  the 
drawing  concerning  location  of  screws.  We  now  have  a  prob- 
lem of  laying  out  an  angle  of  45  degrees.  The  following 
method  will  be  found  practical  and  not  hard  to  understand  : 
On  the  bottom  of  box  lay  out  very  accurately  a  square  of  a 
size  equal  to  width  of  box,  commencing  at  a  point  IVs"  from 
the  end.  Carry  the  locations  of  corners  thus  established,  by 
means  of  a  try  sqtmre,  across  sides  of  box  to  the  upper  edges. 
Saw  from  corner  to  corner  very  carefully.  The  result  should 
be  an  accurate  miter. 

Next  fasten  parts  C  and  D  together.  Part  B  may  next 
be  fastened  in  place,  and  finally  the  miter  box  should  be  fas- 
tened to  its  position  on  C 


Tart  A  should  be  cut  so  the  end  grain  of  the  piece  will 
be  next  to  end  of  miter  box.  As  the  length  of  a  piece  of 
wood  is  always  measured  lengthwise  of  the  grain,  you  will 
have,  in  this  case,  a  piece  wider  than  it  is  long.  Fasten  A 
in  position  so  the  space  between  it  and  the  miter  box  will  be 
cquiil  to  the  thickness  of  a  saw  blade. 

Finally,  bore  the  hole  for  hanging  bench  hooli  up  out  of 
the  way. 

The  miter  box  is  not  large,  but  is  large  enough  for  a 
great  many  uses.  It  is  used  for  sawing  at  angles  of  45  de- 
grees, such  as  the  joints  for  a  picture  frame. 

As  a  bench  hook,  the  device  is  used  for  sawing  the  ends 
of  boards  square.  Lay  flat  on  bench,  as  shown  ia  sketch. 
Place  board  against  miter  box.  The  sawing  is  done  in  the 
space  between  miter  box  and  part  A. 

To  use  as  a  shooting  board,  reverse  position  ;unl  turn 
over.  Place  stock  against  B,  turn  plane  on  side  resting  on  the 
ledge.  By  permitting  stock  to  extend  l>eyond  B  Jilightly,  anu 
moving  plane  forward  and  backward  on  the  ledge,  very 
accurate  work  can  be  done. 


PLATE  17 


37 


COTOINBrTION  BBNCHr  q'QOK. 


C.4  I 


V^rGP 


\ 


/ 


-/5- 


•9 


?e2^Jl 


JJ5L^ 


^ 


i(Ut 


^-i«0 


<wT 


r 


ii.._Ji 


""^M     Parts  fo  be  fasfened  together  wi/h  scretvs. 
Locate  so   screv^s  \^i/l  not  come  /n  sav\/ 
Kerts.    Countersink    a/ 1  ho/e^    tve//. 


Ac 


-^i 


3" 


38 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


TOY  PIG 


The  first  step  Is  to  lay  out  your  pattern  for  the  various 
parts.  Use  thin  cardboard  for  this.  Squares  should  bo  laid 
out  as  showu  in  the  drawing  and  the  outline  traced  in  so  tlie 
lines  touch  the  squares  in  the  same  places  thoy  do  In  the 
drawing.  When  you  are  satisfied  with  your  outlines,  cut  to 
shai'e  with  a  pair  of  sharp  shears. 

The  next  step  is  to  lay  the  patterns  on  the  wood  fruin 
which  the  pig  is  to  lie  made,  then  trace  ari.uud  them.  Th;^ 
hardist  part  will  be  the  cutting  to  shape,  especially  the  body. 
A  band  saw  is  the  best  tool  for  this,  but  as  most  boys  will 
not  have  one  available,  the  cutting  will  have  to  be  done  with 
a  turning  saw,  or  if  you  are  very,  very  careful,  you  may  be 
able  In  use  a  coping  saw,  though  the  stoclt  is  almost  too  heavy 
for  this  tool. 

Cut  the  various  parts  to  shape  and  bore  holes  for  thp 
strews.  Great  care  must  lie  taken  to  see  that  holes  on  oppo- 
site sides  of  the  pieces  are  exactly  in  linn  with  each  other. 
Next  sand  all  the  pj.its  and   then  assemble. 

At   this   point   make   your   measurements   for    the   grooves 


in  the  cart.  No  measurements  are  given  for  the  reason  that 
the  distance  between  the  l"gs  might  vary.  If  the  toy  is  lirst 
assembled  and  the  measurements  then  taken  from  it,  iess 
difficulty  will  be  encountered. 

The  painting  of  the  toy  can  best  be  accomplished  by 
taking  it  apart  and  working  up  each  piece  sepai-ately.  Tie  a 
piece  of  string  to  each  part,  then  paint  and  hang  up  to  dry. 
The  color  scheme  as  shown  on  the  drawing  is  to  paint  the 
body  white  and  spot  it  black.  You  might  paint  the  body  black 
and  spot  it,  white,  or  red  and  black  may  be  used.  Just  paint 
it  to  suit  yourself,  but  be  sure  your  scheme  will  look  like 
a  pig. 

While  these  parts  are  drying  the  cart  may  be  made. 
The  wheeLs  should  be  carefully  laid  out  and  cut  to  shape. 
Other  than  these,  the  cart  will  cause  little  tronl)Ie.  Taint 
the  cart  red. 

Use  washers  between  all  movaldc  parts.  Thi".  will  make 
th^m  operate  more  easily  and  also  prevent  the  marring  of  the 
toy  by  rubbing. 


PLATE  18 


39 


M^H£   O/Vf 


Toy  Pic 


/' 

/ 

y 

♦- 

\ 

( 

\ 

\ 

1 

\ 

-- 

7 

\ 

i_ 

^ 

i 

— - 

■Im 

f 

r 
a 

- 

'r  Indicates  Location 
Of  Holcs  For  Scf>ews 


Paint  White  — Spot  BuAct^ 


■^tol       I  Place  WyiSHEns 


P^iNT  Cart  ficD 


^— ^^                      /■ 

<^'~^^        /        \        ^ 

Z         5         t    ^               I 

t                   t     * 

\^  ^               i           " 

S                       ^         I            ± 

^v       J             >      /        V  ^ 

^.  V           ^,-  t  i4- 

\  I                  K  \ 

S                       13                    xi». 

^s                   IS                 J^ 

31                3 _, 

Make  Two  Of  £ach    ^ 

Between  Movable  Part^ 

Fasten  Ears  And 
Legj  To  Body    With 

R.H. Screws.  Th^-^^  D/mensions  To 
Suit  Finished    Toy 


ifytr 


40 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


CHILD'S  MORRIS  CHAIR 


One  very  important  thing  to  remembiT  in  making  this 
chair  is  that  ail  jiieces  must  be  gotten  out  witli  their  ends 
perfectly  square. 

The  joints  are  fastened  in  two  different  ways.  Be  sure 
you  thoroughly  understand  each  ni(  thod  before  you  proceed. 
Notice  the  one  where  holes  are  bored  part  way  through  one 
member  of  joint.  As  the  depth  of  these  will  depend  upon  the 
width  of  stock,  calculate  very  carefully  how  far  you  should 
bore.  As  the  hole  in  the  other  member  of  joint  will  run 
parallel  with  the  grain,  some  means  must  be  provided  to  give 
the  screw  a  better  grip  than  it  would  have  In  just  the  end 
grain.  This  is  accomplished  by  placing  dowels  in  such  a 
position  that  the  screw  will  pass  through  them,  thus  getting 
a  good  grip  crosswise  of  the  grain  in  the  dowel.  These  dowels 
are  also  added  to  the  other  form  of  joints  as  a  means  of 
increasing  their  strength.  Study  the  details  of  the  Joints 
thoroughly  to  insure  a  proper  understanding  of  their  use. 

When  all  joints  are  made  and  fitted,  assemble  with  the 
proper  screws,  then  ftt  and  fasten  bottom  slats  in  place.    Good 


work  on  this  will  add  a  great  deal  of  strength  to  the  chair. 
Measurements  for  slats  are  to  be  made  after  chair  Is 
assembled. 

The  holes  In  the  wood,  made  by  boring  for  screws,  should 
l)e  filled  by  means  of  dowels  or  plugs.  Whichever  method  is 
used,  it  is  important  that  the  wood  from  which  they  are 
made  should  match  the  wood  in  the  chair. 

In  fastening  arms  to  frame,  care  should  be  taken  to  have 
them  the  same  distance  apart  throughout  their  length.  Be 
sure  your  chair  frame  is  perfectly  square  before  back  is  fas- 
tened in  place.  If  it  is  not,  the  back  may  not  set  properly. 
Should  it  be  slightly  out  of  square,  it  nuiy  be  sprung  enough 
to  true  it  up,  by  adjusting  the  slats.  The  back  is  fastened 
to  the  rail  by  hinges,  and  is  held  in  the  desired  position  by 
means  of  a  bar  which  fits  In  slots  cut  in  the  amis. 

A  cushion  can  be  made  if  you  secure  the  help  of  your 
mother  or  sister.  Paint  or  stain  the  chair  according  to  the 
lumber  you  have  made  it  from. 


PLATE  19 


1' 


.L 


ri's''' 


U-\ 


^ 


IB 


'Ti' 


\^ 


Pluo  Or  Dov/tu 


Child's  Morris  Chair 


3oR£  I  Oecp* 


e  F.HD.3cfi£w 


\V|^1W3 


I 


P^=^^3|{  ___ 


J  Drill 

To  Avoid   Cor^FusioN .  Front 
ir^i     '^NO  Top    Viev^s   Show  Bac^^ 
"    I     /v  Vertical    Position 


Detail  Of  All 
Joints  Line  (E) 


■A  Drill 


e  fiHO 

Screw 


Joint  Betwcln 
Front  Legs  And 
1h    5iot    Rails,  And 
^    ti  --■-   -.\     &ACK  Leos 

>i 


Dowel — 


T^  FH6  Screws 
^  Plugs 

'val  Method 
Of  Fastening 


Wfi'"    ARtts  To  Leoj 


Acciya^TE    Fitting 
Ano  Fastening   Of 
Seat  Slats    Will 
Add  Strength    To 
The    Chair 


This  Young  Man  Is 
Quite    Pleased    With 
The  Chakir  He   has 
Made   For  his  Little 

5l  STtR 


42 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


CUTTING  BOARD 


The  hoard  can  he  mailp  of  soft  or  hard  wood,  though,  of 
course,  the  latter  will  give  niueh  better  service.  liirch  or 
maple  are  very  good  woods  for  the  purpose. 

The  first  thing  to  do  will  be  to  square  up  your  board  to 
the  overall  dimensions.  In  addition  to  the  working  drawing, 
there  are  four  drawings  showing  the  steps  to  follow  in  laying 
out  the  board.  Figure  1  .shows  the  board  after  it  has  been 
squared  to  the  proper  dimensions,  and  with  a  center  line 
extending  the  length  of  the  piece.  Figure  2  shows  line  drawn 
on  each  siile  of  the  center  line  and  other  lines  at  right  angles 
to  the  edge  of  the  board.  The  dimensions  for  the  location  of 
these  lines  should  he  determined  from  the  working  drawing. 
Figure  S  shows  the  two  arcs  drawn  which  give  the  outlines  of 
the  greater  part  of  the  handle.  Figure  4  shows  arcs  drawn 
at  the  corners,  and  the  centers  for  the  one-inch  holes  located. 

The  piece  Is  now  ready  to  cut  to  shape.  Bore  the  one-inch 
holes  at  the  points  indicated,  also  the  %"  hole  in  the  handle. 


In  boring  holes,  the  boring  should  proceed  until  the  spur 
shows  through  on  the  reverse  side,  when  the  bit  should  be 
starte<l  from  that  side  and  the  boring  finished.  Xext  saw  the 
outline  of  the  handle  and  round  the  corners  to  the  arcs  drawn. 

As  noted  on  the  drawing,  all  edges  should  be  broken. 
This  may  be  done  by  slightly  planing  off  the  corners  and  finish- 
ing with  sandpaper,  or  it  may  be  done  with  a  spoke  shave. 
Making  the  edges  oval  shape  by  means  of  the  spoke  shave 
gives  a  very  good  finish  to  them  and  may  be  tried  if  desired. 
This  shape  is  not  shown  in  the  drawing,  as  the  board  with 
the  edges  just  broken  answers  the  purpose  very  well  and 
causes  less  work  to  make. 

No  finish  is  required  for  this  board.  Some  people  think 
they  add  greatly  to  the  board  by  oiling  It,  but  this  .-should  not 
be  done  owing  to  the  food  absorbing  the  oil  when  the  board 
is  in  use. 


PLATE  20 


4S 


3t£Ps  In  Layino   Out 
After  Board  Is  SouAaco   Up 
Fig  I 


Fig.  3 


w- 


Cutting  BOjArd. 


Fio  e 

1 

'■m 


-n 


—Material. — 

Hard,  Closc 
Grained  Wooo 


Break 
All  £oo£S 


-Ji 


44 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


TOY  CANNON 


This  •auiiou  can  be  luadf  wlthimt  the  soUliiTs,  but  it 
will  bo  inort.'  intert'stiug  if  the  soldiers  are  made  to  shuot 
down. 

Begin  work  on  part  A.  After  laying  out,  the  stock  can 
bo  cut  to  shape  with  a  back  saw,  smoothed  up  a  bit  with  i 
«hii-el  and  rini>hed  with  sandpaper. 

Make  B  the  Itarrel,  and  note  the  chamfers  only  run  part 
way  down  the  barrel.  (Ireat  care  must  be  taken  to  bore  the 
h.ile  straight.  Locate  the  centers  on  both  ends  by  drawing 
diagonals,  then  bore  half  way  from  each  end. 

Next  make  the  axle  E  and  then  the  wheels.  Lay  them 
out  with  a  pair  of  sharp  dividers,  scoring  rather  deeply  at 
the  circumference.  This  will  give  a  good  line  to  work  to.  Re- 
move stock  with  coping  saw  and  linish  with  spoke  shave,  file 
and   sandpajier.      Bore  holes  at  center. 

Whittle  out  the  jiUinger  and  bore  a  hole  for  the  rubber 
liand.     On  |)art  B,  as  indicated,  a  tack  is  driven  on  each  side 


over  which  to  loop  the  rubber  band  running  through  the 
handle  of  the  plunger.  The  tacks  must  not  extend  Into  tho 
hole  in  B,  or  the  plunger  will  not  work  freely. 

Assemble    the   parts,   using  brads   and    glue   to   hold    them 

together. 

Of  course  there  should  be  some  ammunition.  For  this 
use  small  round  sticks  about  two  inches  long,  of  a  diameter 
that  will  permit  them  to  fit  loosely  in  the  barrel. 

There  should  be  something  to  shoot  at,  too.  A  plan  for 
a  soldier  is  shown  and  there  should  be  at  least  six  of  them 
made.  The  soldiers  are  cut  from  cardboard  and  tacked  or 
glued  to  blocks  of  wood  to  make  them  stand. 

Paint  the  soldiers,  using  several  colors  to  make  them 
attractive.  Also  paint  the  cannon.  It  is  suggested  that  black 
be  used  for  parts  A,  B  and  E,  and  red  for  parts  C  and  !>.    . 


PLATE  21 


45 


Small    tack  each 
S/de    to  hold  rubber  band 


Toy  Cannon. 


3oJdier  -  make  s/x 


noke 
one 


iiir 


Hake 


(/to. 


46 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


BATH  ROOM  CUP  HOLDER 


This  is  a  littlo  convi'nienco  that  muthiT  wili  appreciate, 
as  it  looks  very  untidy  to  have  a  drinlting  glass  or  cup  ;;pttiDg 
around  with  no  place  for  it. 

The  dtslgn  shows  (he  shape  of  the  holder  octagonal. 
This  can  bo  varied  if  it  is  desired  to  do  so.  For  Instance,  it 
might  be  made  round,  or  hexagonal  in  shape.  There  is  also 
plenty  of  room  for  an  expression  fif  your  own  ideas  in  the 
design   of  the  back   piece. 

Very  little  material  will  l)e  required  for  this  holder.  AI 
most  any  kind  of  wood  will  be  suital>le  for  use,  as  no  doubt 
It  win  be  painted. 

If  you  decide  to  change  the  design,  make  your  drawing.; 
before  you  start  work.  The  work  on  the  back  piece  will 
be  very  easy,  the  other  two  parts  requiring  more  care.  The 
bracket  supporting  the  octagonal  piece  should  be  laid  out  by 
the  square  method,  as  no  compass  curves  are  used.     A  coping 


saw  can  l)e  \isim1  in;-  sawing  the  bracket,  but  it  will  have  to 
bo  used  carefully,  as  the  stock  is  rather  thick  for  such  a 
i^niall  saw. 

It  is  suggested  that  the  part  fur  the  bolder  be  laid  out 
but  not  cut  to  shape  until  after  the  hole  is  bored.  An  ex- 
pansive bit  will  be  necessary  to  do  the  best  work,  though  It 
is  possible  to  do  a  fairly  good  job  with  a  gouge.  In  boring, 
bold  the  stock  in  the  vise  crosswise  of  the  grain,  otherwise 
the  large  bit  will  split  the  stock.  The  bottom  of  the  hole 
will  have  to  be  smoothed  with  a  chisel  or  gouge  and  sand- 
paper. After  boring  the  hole  the  outside  should  be  worked 
to  shape.  Bore  required  holes  for  fastening  together,  sand- 
paper well,  then  assemble.  No  sizes  are  specified  for  the 
screws.  Use  only  heavy  enough  to  do  the  work.  Round- 
head screws  will,  of  course,  look  better  for  fastening  the  holder 
to  the  wall.  Paint  to  suit  the  woodwork  or  wall  to  which 
it  is  to  be  fastened. 


PLATE  23 


47 


Fort   ReauineD  OcT^ao^/. 


Lay  Out  Squ/>»c 
Of  ReauiReD  S/z£  ^s 
ABCO  FiAjo  CCNTCK  O 
By  D//^aofj/»L-3     FfiOM 
Cof*Nens  A,  3.  C  -^/v^  O. 
With  R/^oius  £9<jml 
To   2  Of  a  D/y^ao/\f^t-, 

F  As  AO,  S^/NO    AAC3 

Loc^T/A/a    O,  H,  I ,J,  K , 
CoNNtcT    Thcsi  PoinTa 


48 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


SKATE  SHARPENER 


It  is  very  hard  for  an  amateur  to  holil  the  Hie  iu  the 
proper  position  when  sharpening  sliatcs.  This  sliatc  sharpener 
will  mcehanienlly  hold  the  face  of  the  file  parallel  to  the  face 
of  the  skate  runner. 

Of  course  there  are  different  ways  of  sharpening  skates. 
If  you  wish  them  hollow  ground  this  .sharpener  will  cot  do. 
Take  them  to  an  expert  skate  sharpener  and  he  will  hollow 
grind  them  with  an  emery  wheel. 

The  base  of  the  sharpeil<'r  is  %".\2i/."xll"  and  may  lie 
made  of  soft  wood,  but  the  two  top  pieces  should  be  maile  of 
oak,  maple,  birch  or  other  hard  wood.  These  parts  receive 
considerable  wear. 

Select  the  file  you  expect  to  use  iu  the  sharpener  and 
make  two  thin  pieces  the  thickness  of  the  file.  They  are  to 
be  bradded  to  the  base  one  on  each  side  of  the  file. 


Now  make  the  two  pieces  of  hardwood,  to  be  fastened 
over  the  other  pieces  and  part  of  the  lilo.  A  space  should  be 
loft  between  these  i)ieces  just  Wide  enough  to  allow  the  skate 
runner  to  pass  through  freely.  Use  1"  flat-head  screws  t" 
fasten  these  pieces.  When  the  pieces  wear  bore  new  holes  and 
set  them  closer  together. 

To  use  the  sharpener  clamp  the  skate  in  a  vi^e  and  push 
the  file  across  the  skate,  holding  it  as  firmly  as  possible.  The 
sharpener  should  not  rock  sideways. 

Test  for  sharpness  by  holding  .skati's  in  the  same  position 
as  blades  of  a  pair  of  shears.  If  sharp,  they  should  cut  tissue 
paper  when  worked  as  shears. 

A  sharp  skate  will  not  slew  sideways.  Notches  filed 
lengthwise  in  the  end  of  the  blade  at  the  heel  will  aid  iu 
making  a  quick  stop  which  is  necessary  when  playing  hockey. 


PLATE  23 


40 


Skate  Sharpener. 


/?  -  THicHfl/ess  Of  Sha  te 
B  Thickness  Of  Filf 


50 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


STEAM  ENGINE 


Experimenting  wltli  this  engine  will  be  great  sport,  but 
do  not  make  the  mistake  that  one  boy  did  and  think  it  un- 
necessary to  have  a  safety  valve  or  make  weight  too  heavy. 

Make  platform  A  and  nail  cleats  B  to  it ;  also  C  and  D, 
and  fasten  to  A,  but  use  screws  Instead  of  nails. 

Find  an  old  hlcj'cle  pump  for  a  cylinder.  Bore  a  hole 
in  the  handle  end.  File  off  finish  and  solder  a  piece  of  brass 
tulie  to  the  end  at  right  angles.  The  tube  also  has  a  hole 
bored  In  it,  making  a  passage  from  the  tube  into  the  pump. 

Flatten  out  the  end  of  the  plunger  rod  from  the  pump. 
This  Is  to  be  the  piston  rod.  Bore  hole  in  flattened  part  for 
fastening  to  tlie  connecting  rod.  Remove  plunger  from  piston 
rod  and  cast  a  lead  piston  on  It,  as  at  M.  Make  mold  Ijy 
boring  hole  in  piece  of  wood.  Hold  rod  in  hole  and  pour  hot 
lead  around  it.  File  piston  to  fit  cylinder.  It  must  be  well 
fitted  or  steam  will  escape  past  it.  Cast  a  piston  on  a  piece 
ot  stiff  wire  to  fit  the  tube — this  is  part  L. 


Cut  a  piece  of  tin  and  solder  to  cylinder.  Carve  out  a 
place  for  the  cylinder  in  E.  Fasten  cylinder  to  E  by  screws 
driven  through  the  tin.  Get  a  shaft  and  tube  to  fit  it  for  a 
bearing  as  at  N.  File  ends  of  shaft  square  to  fit  holes  made 
in  C),  II  and  O.     Solder  tin  to  tube  to  fasten  it  to  E. 

Make  fly  wheel  of  heavy  wood  and  bore  holes  for  lead 
to  add  weight.  Make  parts  F,  J  and  I.  I  is  to  keep  J  from 
rubbing  on  fly  wheel  and  H  is  a  pulley  for  connecting  engine 
to  other  mechanism. 

Part  K  is  made  of  hard  wood  and  connected  to  O  with 
a  sciew.  Assemble  all  parts.  Oil  movable  parts.  Adjust 
length  of  wire  on  small  piston  or  valve  so  when  cylinder 
piston  is  at  the  end  of  its  stroke  the  port  hole  will  be  open 
for  the  steam  to  act  against  the  piston.  As  the  cylinder 
piston  is  forced  out  the  valve  piston  runs  past  the  port,  allow- 
ing the  exhaust  to  pass  out  of  the  tul>e.  Make  boiler  from 
any  large  can  and  heat  on  a  kitchen  stove. 


PLATE  24 


SI 


52 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


TOY  ELEPHANT 


The  ek'phnDt  is  a  vtT.v  attractive  toy  auil  tlae  cart  is  a 
very  important  ijart  of  it,  l)ecause  on  it  .Mr.  Elcpliant  can  do 
ail  sorts  of  triclis. 

.\U  parts  of  the  elephaut  will  have  to  he  .cut  out  with 
a  turning  or  coijing  saw.  The  turning  saw  is  liftrder  to  use 
but  will  he  found  more  satisfactory  on  the  thick  wood. 

Lay  out  your  patterns  on  cardljoard  Iiy  method  indicated 
in  the  drawing.  Transfer  them  to  the  wood  from  which  the 
toy  Is  to  be  mrale,  being  Especially  careful  that  all  the  holes' 
for  the  screws  are  accui-atelj  located.  It  is  quite  important 
that  the  holes  in  the  body  be  located  exactly  opposite  each 
other.     Bore  holes,  then  saw  to  shape  and  sand  well. 

Before  painting,  the  parts  should  all  be  assembled  and 
tested  to  see  that  they  are  all  properly  related  to  each  other. 


.\ii\  nf..-ssary  alterations  should  be  nulde  at  this  time.  Place 
washers  liotween  movable  parts  and  take  measurements  for 
the  grooves  in  the  cart. 

Make  the  cart  and  fit  the  feet  to  the  grooves.  The  wheels 
can  be  sawed  out  with  the  coping  saw,  or  wooden  button 
molds  can  be  used.  Wooden  button  mollis  make  good  wheels, 
as  they  are  nicely  sanded  and  have  holes  bored  for  the  screws. 

■  In  painting,  try  to  get  a  color  that  looks  like  an  elephant. 
A  dirt.v  or  muddy  gray  is  the  nearest  I  can  descril)e  it.  I'aint 
the  toes  black,  the  tU5ks  white,  the  eyes  white  with  a  little 
black  around  them.  Put  a  bit  of  red  around  the  mouth  and 
in  the  back  of  the  eye.  The  car  should  be  painted  entirely 
red.  All  parts  should  be  painted  separately,  so  it  will  be 
necessary  to  take  the  toy  apart  to  do  this. 


PLATE  25 


S3 


Cut  Out  As  Indicated, 
For  'PtiL 


Toy  Elephant 


*    This  Indicates  Location 
Of  Holcs  Fon   Scortvs 

Paint  dooy  A  Huoor  CfiAy. 


Ji.—- i-^--^4^-4  1   1  1 

\ 

/^ 

1 

\ij  1 

•f 

fi+ 

r* 

\  ^ 

' 

'■ 

\i 

V 

! 

k^ 

Lfc^^j 

ll     ' 

+ 

-  1 

1/ 

\, 

^ 

^ 

1 

1  _, 

^ 

V 

1 

>^ 

i 

1 

Jjj 

•1  i~r-rT  1  1  1 

1 

~i^r  Ti  r 


; 

k-)-Nl 

( 

/ 

♦:   i) 

XT, 

^ 

1 

\ 

ill 

/,  \\ 

.T 

i'  1  V  ~  ^ 

\l 

\ 

/ 

Use  A  1^-    6  F.H.  /^^^g  j-^gji. 

tiAHE  Two        For    Tail,  And  Dimensions  To  Suit 

I3      P>l-I  For    Legs  Fii^ished  Toy 
And  E/>RS 


Make.  Two 


Make  Two 


;> 


n 


'    1 


M 


WVyij/z/ra 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


FEEDING  BIRD 


This  toy  can  be  ninde  from  pieces  of  cigar  l)ox  or  other 
scrap  thin  luuil)er. 

Begin  liy  making  the  liottom,  or  part  A.  Square  the 
piece  up  niceiy  and  with  a  pencil  compass  and  freehand  curve 
lay  out  acconling  to  the  drawing.  Cut  to  lino  with  a  coping 
saw  and  finish  edges  with  sandpaper.  Bore  holes  on  center 
line  for  -string. 

Make  B  and  fasten  to  A  with  cigar  box  nails.  Use  a 
brad  awl  to  make  holes  for  the  nails  so  the  piece  will  not 
split.  Part  C  Is  a  pill  box  cover.  It  is  to  be  fastened  to  A 
wit)!  a  tack,  but  should  not  be  placed  till  after  the  toy  Is 
painted. 

Two  pieces  like  part  D  are  needed.  Lay  out  from  a 
center  line.  Bore  liolcs  with  brad  awl  for  brads  to  hold  the 
head  and  tail.  Make  tail  E  and  head  F,  after  which  the 
Irregular  part  G  Is  required  to  assemble  the  bird.  Glue  G 
In  place  between  parts  D.  These  paits  may  be  braddcd  If  very 
fine  brads  are  used.  Drive  a  staple  and  screw  hook  In  the 
bird  as  indicated. 


Tie  a  piece  of  thread  or  cord  in  holes  made  In  neck  and 
tall  and  thread  through  holes  In  A,  which  should  be  counter- 
sunk to  receive  knots.  Drive  staple  in  A  and  screw  hook 
In  B. 

Loop  an  ordinary  rubber  band  once  or  twice,  ds  neces- 
sary, around  hooks  In  B  and  top  of  body.  Adjust  and  knot 
cord  threaded  through  holes  in  A.  The  bird  is  held  In  posi- 
tion lietween  these  strings  and  the  rubber  band. 

Tie  a  piece  of  cord  to  staple  In  bottom  of  body  and  thread 
through  staple  in  A.  Hold  A  by  handle  In  left  hand  and 
pull  oord,  making  the  bird  lower  his  head  and  tail  as  if 
eating. 

Colors  are  suggested  for  decorating  the  toy  on  the  draw- 
ing, but  other  combinations  may  be  used.  Show  card  water 
colors  make  good  paint  for  this  toy.  To  produce  a  luster 
they  should  be  covered  by  a  quick-drying  white  varnish. 


PLATE  26 


Feeding  Bird 


P/iRT  A 


Part  B 

h 4-' 

-t1 

Part  F 


,\ 

/T 

— 

-^ 

X 

1 

- 

'* 

^ 

^1^ 

i 

s 

» 

1^ 

\ 

u — 

—  2  — 

— ^.. 

1   1  1            ;::i-i^ 

» 

G^een 


Pulltlei-c 


1 — " — i'^ 

♦ 

M 

^%^ 

p '" 

'■Z 

♦  M 

1 

)^^ 


$6 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJFXTS 


FLYING  PROPELLER 


This  tuy  Is  one  boys  like  to  make  because  ouo  ran  bo 
made  in  a  short  time. 

Tilt'  materials  needed  for  making  the  toy  are  a  piece  of 
broom  handle,  an  empty  spool,  an  eightpenny  nail,  two  l-incb 
No.  16  wire  brads,  a  piece  of  tin  and  a  good  t^trong  string. 

Cut  the  broom  handle  to  dimension  and  with  a  knife  and 
sandpaper  work  to  form,  rounding  one  end  nicely  and  cutting 
a  shoulder  on  the  other. 

Bore  a  hole  in  the  shoulder  end  large  enough  to  receive 
the  nail.  Drive  the  two  brads  in  one  end  of  the  spool  ^w" 
apart.  File  off  the  heads  and  round  the  ends.  Place  the 
ppool  on.  the  nail  and  drive  the  nail  into  the  handle.  Drive 
the  nail  just  far  enough  so  the  spool  will  work  freely  on  it. 

Ijay  cut  the  propeller  pattern  on  a  piece  of  paper.  A 
pencil  compass   may   be   used   for  some   of   the   curves.     Trace 


til'.'  iiattt-ru   on   n   stiff  piece  of  tin  or  galvanizi-il   iron.      Use  a 
scratch  awl  or  sharp  nail  for  marking. 

Bore  two  %"  holes  with  a  hand  drill  or  punch  them  with 
a  nail.  If  the  latter  method  is  used,  file  off  the  hurr.  Cut 
to  lino  with  a  pair  of  tin  shears  and  bend  the  ends  as  indi- 
cated by  Fig.  2. 

This  toy  should  not  be  operated  in  the  house  or  near  a 
crowd,  because  when  the  propeller  leaves  the  spool  it  leav^-s 
with  considerable  force  and  is  liable  to  break  anything  fragile 
it  might  strike,  or  cut  a  gash  if  it  should  strike  anyone  in 
the  face. 

To  operate  place  the  propeller  on  the  brads,  wind  the 
string  about  the  spool  tightly,  hold  the  handle  in  the  left 
hand,  pulling  the  string  with  the  right.  At  the  same  time 
tho  string  U;  being  pulled  raise  the  left  hand  with  a  jerk, 
throwing  the  propeller  flying  into  the  air. 


PLATE  27 


Fl  YIN6  Propeller 


Brads  —HI 


■oia 


ii'j 

II 

II 

-l)-!i- 


Spool 


1 1 

I  I 


TT 


Broom 


W\ 


^ 


Propeller 


Fisi 


Fig.Z. 


Top  Vi£W 


Fkont  Vievi 


58 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


POTATO  GUN 


The  material  for  the  ijiilato  or  pop  gun  consists  of  a 
piece  of  tube  anil  a  plunger.  The  tulie  may  be  either  metal 
or  glass,  but  tiie  material  of  which  it  is  made  must  t)e  very 
tiiin  so  it  will  cut  through  the  slice  of  potato  readily. 

For  the  tube  a  piece  of  Vl"  or  %"  tubing  or  a  large  quill 
should  be  found  ami  cut  about  i%".  The  ends  must  he  cut 
even,  and  not  have  a  burr  on  them.  If  the  walls  are  not 
very  thin,  file  sharp  at  both  ends. 

Make  a  plunger  to  fit  the  tube.  However,  it  Is  not  neces- 
sary that  It  lit  the  tube  tightly.  Whittle  the  plunger  from  a 
piece  of  wood,  making  a  shoulder  at  the  end  of  the  handle. 
The  handle  should  be  of  larger  diameter  than  the  tube.  The 
distance  from  the  shoulder  to  the  end  of  the  plunger  should 
be  about  1  Inch  less  than  the  length  of  the  tube.  It  must 
not  run  all  the  way  through  the  tube  when  pushing  out  a  load. 


Trepan'  the  ammunition  for  the  gun  by  slicing  a  good- 
sized  potato  Into  V.-lnch  slices;  if  thinner  the  tube  will  not 
hold  the  air.  Lay  a  slice  of  potato  on  the  table  and  press 
the  tulle  through  it.  When  you  feel  the  tube  strike  the  tahlc, 
twist  the  tube,  making  sure  the  potato  is  cut  all  the  way 
through.  With  the  plunger  push  the  pillet  to  the  other  end 
of  the  tube.  Remove  plunger,  cut  another  piece  In  the  end 
of  the  tube,  and  then  with  a  quick  push  of  the  plunger  force 
the  last  pillet  up  to  the  first.  The  compression  of  the  air  will 
f  >rce  the  first  pillet  out  with  considerable  force  and  a 
loud  pop. 

Should  the  sides  of  the  tube  be  dented,  or  there  be  a 
•  ■rack  in  the  seam,  the  air  will  escape  and  the  gun  will  not 
shoot. 


PLATE  28 


so 


Potato  Gun 


Pl  unger 


-\'<-  — - 


•f' 


File  Sharp 


Tube 


Gun  assembled 


-  ■■ \^g^.\r-j^.z  :  f.zr.z  r-.zrs.-  )f 1  -  1 


GO 


HAND  CRAFT  PRf)|ECTS 


A  WOODEN  DOLL 


This  iloll  is  just  the  tMns  for  the  little  folUs  ijccausc  it 
will  st:iiul  iiiiiny  tumbles  without  l)rpaliin(;.  It  will  staud 
civet,  with  its  arms  in  many  positions,  without  falling  over. 
It  can  also  sit  on  the  floor,  stand  on  its  head  or  hands,  and 
l>p  plaeod  in  many  other  amusing  positions.  Tliere  is  no  reason 
why  it  should  be  a  boy  d(dl.  If  yciu  prefer  a  girl,  a  skirt  and 
sun  bonnet  will  quickly  transform  it  into  a  girl  doll. 

The  doll  Is  to  be  painted,  so  use  any  kind  of  wood.  Make 
the  body  lirst.  Ho  all  the  straight  sawing  with  a  common 
saw,  but  saw  the  head  with  the  coping  saw. 

Now  make  the  legs  according  to  the  pattern,  rinimling 
the  end  with  a  chisel  and  sandpaper.  Bore  holes,  for  the 
screws  a  little  larger  than  the  shank  of  the  screw  and  counter- 
sink for  the  head.  If  the  screw  is  too  tight  the'  movement  of 
the  leg  will  soon  turn  It  out  of  the  body. 


The  arms  are  practically  the  same  as  the  legs,  except 
that  the  layout  on  them  is  not  so  difficult.  The  arms  should 
fit  well,  so  the  doll  will  be  properly  balanced. 

Lay  out  with  a  pencil  the  features,  etc.,  or  if  you  ai'e  not 
very  e.xpert  at  drawing  have  someone  do  i1   for  you. 

Little  children  who  play  with  toys  of  this  kind  like 
liright  colors,  so  any  condiinijtion  of  l)right  colors  will  be 
desirable.  The  following  combination  is  suggested  :  Pants 
blue,  shirt  red,  face  white,  hair  and  features  black,  shoes  black 
or  brown,  stockings  and  tie  gre<'U,  and  cuffs  and  collar  yellow. 
Two  coats  will  be  necessary. 

Do  not  try  to  paint  to  a  certain  line  with  one  color  and 
tlien  continue  with  another,  while  the  first  is  still  wet.  If 
you  do  the  colors  will  run  together,  siwiliug  the  looks  of  the 
toy.    Let  one  color  dry  thoroughly  before  applying  the  next. 


PLATE  29 


61 


^» 


AWooDEN  Doll 

LEG  Pattern 

V                 -4. 

:'                              1 

'  ---''        Al 

(■.        i    "- 

1 

HEJ\D  And  Body 

fiRM  Pattern 


-yr~ 


TX. 


zSv 


63 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


A  THANKSGIVING  GOBBLER 


It  can  reailUy  lie  seen  from  thi'  drawlns.  which  shows  a 
staple  and  string  attached  to  tho  axh-,  that  this  toy  is  to  be 
drawn  along  the  floor.  The  weight  made  of  lead  fitted  Into 
the  bottom  of  the  axle  causes  the  turkey  to  move  back  and 
forth,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  walking. 

Note  the  direction  of  the  grain  represented  by  the  line 
lines  on  the  different  parts. 

Plane  up  a  piece  for  the  turkey  and  then  trace  In  the 
pattern.     Cut  to  form  with  a  coping  saw. 

Get  out  the  piece  for  the  axle.  Be  sure  the  ends  are  cut 
square.  Bore  a  hole  i^"  deep  for  the  weight  and  on  the 
opposite  side  cut  a  groove  for  the  turkey. 

Draw  the  wheels  on  stock  prepared  for  them,  with  a 
pencil  compass,  and  cut  as  perfect  as  po.iisihle  with  a  coping 
saw.  At  the  center  bore  a  hole  for  the  screw  to  fasten  the 
wheel  to  the  axle.  Use  a  round-head  screw  and  place  washers 
on  each  side  of  the  wheel  so  it  will  turn  freely. 


^'a^dpaper  all  parts  and'  glue  the  turkey  in  place  after 
driving  a  staple  in  thi'  axle.  Paint  the  wheels  and  axle  led, 
also  the  shaded  part  of  the  head  of  the  turkey.  The  bill  and 
part  between  the  axle  and  breast  and  wing  are  painted  yellow. 
The  rest  of  the  turkey  is  to  be  painted  brown,  or  as  near  to  a 
turkey  color  as  you  can  mix.  After  this  is  thoroughly  dry 
paint  the  feathers,  wing  and  eye,  and  line  on  the  bill,  I)lack, 
using  a  fine  striping  lirush. 

The  mold  is  made  of  two  pieces.  Lay  one  piece  on  the 
other  and  drive  brads  through  one  piece  and  a  snort  distance 
into  the  other.  Clamp  the  pieces  In  the  vise  and  directly  on 
the  crack  bore  a  hole  with  a  %"  bit  1%"  deep,  so  half  of 
the  cut  will  be  made  on  each  piece.  Take  the  pieces  apart 
and  gouge  out  as  at  M.  Place  the  pieces  back  in  the  vise  and 
pour  the  mold  full  of  hot  lead.  When  the  lead  has  cooled,  re- 
move the  weight,  file  smooth  and  force  in  the  hole  in  the 
axle.     Do  not  pour  water  on  hot  lead  because  it  will  explode. 


PLATE  30 


63 


Turkey 


A  Th/)nks6/v/ng  Gobbler 


-l«t- 

- — ^ 

w^ '     I     i 

^iil_SI                J 

yj^~'"> 

t^2l     1              4'X 

'-'^/ri 

izj         t^ 

"  Js, 

V  A^--;:  "•> 

3.               !/ 

t  t^-  ^  .^^ 

-2,         -7 

.                                    ■          -                                          1 L 

3      -^ 

/              "'- 

i;?  ■^'^  - 

^-i               -IcVi 

-/ 

:r-:     -7 

^t            ^ 

\  -  --^'■ 

^^ 

i.-i5; 

^  ^S 

^-,-S^    -- 

\^.-  —T. 

^ ■^    N 

V 

<        \ 

I        I 

ii" 

.1      .  '\' 

'       4' 

WHEEL 


Axle 


■t 

,1 

. 

r& 

N 

> 

1 

^  -'-" 

^•^4 

~^f 

1! 

.t 

1      1 
1      ' 

T 

MOLD 


SrKifcM 


■  Brad 


m^ 


"iA 


Cur  Mold  ji  Deep 


-'^     LEADVJ EIGHT 


64 


HAND  CRAFT  PROIRCTS 


AEROPLANE  WEATHERVANE 


The  overall  diniersions  for  body  are  indicated,  but  no 
definite  dimensiims  are  given  for  curve  at  the  back.  Make 
this  to  suit  yriursclf,  but  reiufmber  there  must  be  sufficient 
ai'oa  to  keep  the  vane  headed  into  the  wind.  Bore  hole  for 
screw  for  the  support  after  plane  is  assembled. 

Cut  small  slot  for  the  rudder  at  the  back  of  body,  (.'et 
the  slot  exactly  the  right  size  so  the  rudder  can  be  held  in 
place  without  nailing. 

Get  out  the  other  pieces  according  to  dimensions.  In 
boring  holes  in  wheel-axle  hanger.s,  be  careful  not  to  split 
thom.  To  avoid  this,  hold  iu  a  vise  crosswise  of  the  grain. 
Make  axle  of  (juarter  inch  <lowcl.  Place  in  position  in  hangers 
and  nail  the  latter  to  body.  To  make  wheels,  describe  circles 
with  steel  dividers.  liore  holes  in  center,  then  remove  stock 
very  carefully. 

Cut  dowels  for  supporting  the  planes,  being  careful  to 
get  ends  square.  Fasten  planes  to  dowels  by  driving  brads 
through  the  planes  into  ends  of  dowels.  For  wiring,  use  wire 
that  bends  easily.  Bore  holes  with  brad  awl  and  place  wires 
as  shown.  Fasten  planes  to  body,  then  fasten  rudder  in 
position. 


The  propeller  will  require  careful  work.  Get  out  a  piece 
%"  square  then  describe  a  circle  %"  in  diameter  and  lay  out 
as  shown.  The  propeller  will  be  1/2 "  thick  throughout  its 
length  but  the  width  will  vary  from  %"  at  center  to  %"  at 
ends.  A  sharp  knife  will  be  best  for  forming  the  part.  For 
fastening  the  propeller,  a  round-head  screw  or  a  nail  with 
large  head  may  be  used.  Bore  a  hole  through  center  of 
propeller  that  will  permit  it  to  turn  easily  on  the  nail  or 
screw  used.  Put  in  place  with  a  washer  between  it  and  tnd 
of  body. 

Balance  assembled  vane  and  bore  hole  for  round-head 
sciew  at  point  of  balance.  This  should  come  for  appearance 
about  4H"  from  front  end.  Should  it  not  come  at  this  pjint, 
secure  the  balance  by  attaching  a  small  bit  of  metal  to  the 
lighter  end.  Suspend  from  any  convenient  support  hy  means 
of  the  stick  indicated.     It  should  turn  easily. 

Paint  machine  gray,  with  red,  white  and  blue  stripes  on 
the  tail.  On  upper  and  lower  sides  of  planes  paint  the  design 
shown,  in  good  proportion  to  the  space  it  is  placed  in. 


PLATE   31 


C5 


ft&RQPLfyNE:  Wfrt^Tt^ErRVPtNfc 


Detail  Of 


1 


3-i 


% 


Circle  A.  Reo 
ST^f*  B.  Wmitc 
Circle  C.Blue 


,  Arm  for  hanging  -from 
tree  or  other  support 

^  if 


Wire 


A,  Red 

B .  White 
C  .Blue 


/jj   '^/S" D/Offtetor 


-/z- 


W/re 


IT  T 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJFXTS 


SMALL  CART 


Not  a  Sfat  amount  of  stock  will  bo  rciiuircil  for  nuikiii;; 
the  cart,  but  it  is  quite  large  enough  to  amuse  a  little  boy 
or  girl.  If  a  larger  cart  is  desireil,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
increase  the  dimensions  on  the  drawing. 

Get  out  the  stocls  to  the  overall  dimensions,  then  lay  out 
the  euires.  Those  at  the  corners  on  the  front  and  b,>ci< 
pieces  are  parts  of  a  circle  and  can  be  made  with  a  pair  of 
compasses.  The  curves  on  the  side  pieces  are  made  freehand. 
Measure  in  3^"  from  one  end,  1^/^"  from  one  side,  then  con- 
nect these  points  with  a  pleasing  curve.  Finish  one  side 
first  and  from  that  lay  out  the  other  side,  thus  getting  them 
alike.     Use  a  coping  saw  to  remove  the  stock. 

In  making  the  wheels,  great  care  should  lie  taken  to  gi't 
them  e.xactly  round.  Lay  them  out  with  a  pair  of  dividers, 
making  a  good  line  in  the  wood  with  the  point.  Saw  very 
clo.se  to  the  line  and   finish   with  a  wood   file  and   sandpaper. 


If  this  work  is  done  carefully,  the  wheels  can  lie  made  very 
true.  Bore  holes  at  the  centers  for  the  screws.  These  holes 
should  he  only  large  enough  to  permit  the  wheels  to  turn 
freely.  Washers  should  be  used  between  the  wheels  and  the 
axle  as  shown  in  the  drawing,  and  it  would  be  well  to  use 
them  between  the  head  of  the  screw  and  the  wheel  on  each 
side.  The  use  of  the  washers  in  this  manner  will  cause  the 
wheels  to  run  more  accurately. 

The  box  is  fastened  together  with  brads.  The  axle  and 
handle  are  fastened  to  the  bottom  of  the  box  with  1-inch  flat- 
head  screws.  Be  sure  to  locate  the  axle  squarely  across  the 
box.  Use  a  small  piece  of  dowel  through  the  end  of  the 
handle  to  grasp  it  by. 

The  cart  will  be  very  attractive  if  painted  a  bright  red. 
Children  like  liright  colors  and  toys  should  always  lie  painted 
to  satisfy  this  liking. 


PLATE  32 


67 


Small  cart 


Washer- 


68 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


RED  CROSS  AMBULANCE 


This   toy   will   require  careful   work. 

The  body  requires  ;i  piece  of  stock  lV4"x4%"xS".  The 
method  of  laying  out  the  jiattern  is  clearly  shown  iu  the 
drawing.  Remove  the  stock  with  :i  coping  saw.  The  hole 
for  the  steering  apparatus  should  he  bored  before  the  parts 
are  assembled,  and  from  underneath  the  body. 

Lay  out  pattern  for  the  fender  and  cut  to  shape  with  the 
coping  saw.  Two  are  needed.  The  axles  are  easy  to  make — 
two  pieces  i:j"i\</'xl%". 

The  wheels  should  be  perfectly  round  and  may  be  easily 
made  so  if  these  directions  are  followed  :  With  dividers  set 
to  the  required  radius,  describe  circles  on  the  wood  from 
which  the  wheels  are  to  be  made.  Score  deeply  with  the 
point  of  the  dividers,  leaving  a  line  easy  to  work  to.  The 
stock  may  be  removed  with  a  saw  and  chisel,  finishing  with 
a  wood  file  and  sandpaper. 

The  two  crosses  are  very  thin,  so  be  careful  not  to  split 
them. 


The  ambulance  is  to  be  paiuted  in  three  colors  and  it 
will  be  found  best  to  paint  parts  of  it  before  assembling. 
The  axles  can  be  attached  before  assembling.  They  are 
located  %"  from  the  front  end  and  I'/s"  'from  the  rear  end. 
Bo  sure  they  are  square  with  the  body.     Fasten  with  brads. 

The  painting  scheme  is  this:  The  entire  body  is  to  be 
nliite;  the  crosses,  red;  and  the  axles,  wheels,  fenders,  and 
steering  gear,  lilack.  A  good  way  to  do  the  painting  is  to 
drive  small  brads  into  the  pieces,  attach  strings  to  them  and 
then  paint.  As  each  piece  is  finished  it  can  be  hung  up  to 
dry.  In  driving  brads  into  the  wheels,  drive  them  into  the 
centers,  as  there  are  to  be  some  driven  in  later  for  the  wheels 
to  revolve  on.  liound  head  screws  and  washers  may  be  used 
instead  of  the  brads  if  desired. 

The  painting  will  be  easier  and  will  look  better  if  the 
parts  are  well  sandpapered. 

When  the  parts  are  dry,  the  ambulance  may  be  assembled. 
In  doing  so.  be  careful  not  to  mar  the  parts.  The  result  of 
your  work  should  be  an  attractive  toy. 


PLATE  33 


Red  CR053  Ambulance, 


Body,  uv/7//e 
Crosses,  red 
Bo/a  nee,  b/ack. 


4 


Pattern 
for  body. 
Make 


Pattern  for  fender 

MaKe    two 


^ 


flake  four 


r IJ  Li 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


BABY'S  ROCKING   HORSE 


The  stock  needefl  for  this  toy  can  l>o  obtained  from  a 
packing  case. 

Make  seat  first.  Draw  a  center  line  with  a  sharp  pencil 
the  length  of  board.  The  other  center  lines  are  drawn  at 
riy;ht  angles  to  the  first  line  by  means  of  the  square,  their 
locations  being  5"  and  G"  from  the  ends.  At  the  intersec- 
tions of  center  lines,  place  the  point  of  your  compass  and 
draw  circles  of  required  diameters.  Straight  lines  drawn 
from  one  circle  to  the  other,  just  touching  the  circumference, 
give  the  outside  edges  of  the  design.  With  a  turning  or  copinj; 
saw,  cut  close  to  outline,  finishing  with  plane,  spoke  shave 
and  sandpaper.  Before  removing  the  long  center  line,  locate, 
lior.^  and  countersink  3-l(>"  holes  for  the  screws  used  in  fast,  n- 
ing  the  head. 

For  the  head,  square  to  dimensions  and  lay  out  1-inch 
squares.  Through  these  trace  the  outline  according  to  pat- 
tern shown  on  drawing.  Cut  to  shape  and  finish  in  same 
manner  as  the  seat  was  finished. 

For  the  rockers  make  a  pattern  from  cardboard  and  from 
it  trace  the  design  on  the  wood.  Tut  accurately  to  shape, 
being  sure  both  rockers  are  exactly  alike. 


To  fasten  rockers  to  the  seat:  Bore  half  inch  holes  part 
way  through  the  rocker,  boring  the  rest  of  the  way  with  a 
3-lG"  drill.  Before  screwing  rockers  to  seat,  round  off  nicely 
so  they  will  not  mar  a  polished  floor  or  pick  the  threads  of 
a  rug. 

Assemble  the  parts  according  to  information  contained 
in  the  t^p  and   front  views  of  the  drawing. 

The  painting  may  be  done  more  easily  if  the  parts  are 
separated.  Before  separating,  however,  mark  rockers  so  they 
may  he  replaced  in  exactly  the  same  position  they  were  in 
before  taking  apart. 

Paint  the  head  and  rockers  white  and  the  seat  red.  Each 
part  should  be  given  several  coats.  Each  coat  should  be 
thoroughly  dry  before  another  is  applied,  so  do  not  permit 
your  anxiety  to  finish  the  rocker  cause  you  to  put  the  second 
coat  on  too  soon.  When  the  white  is  dry  on  the  head,  paint 
the  eye,  nostrils,  bridle  and  mane,  applying  black  paint  with  a 
fine  brush. 

When  parts  are  re-assembled,  the  horse  is  ready  for  use, 
unless  it  is  desired  to  add  a  thin  coat  of  varnish  to  protect  it 
from  dirty  fingers. 


PLATE  34 


71 


Rocker 


^^1 


B/\qY5  Rocking  Horse 


P/iINT 


Wwre: 


J 


"IT"' — i — ' — '~~? — T 
<t    ■»    O    Q    M   •<■ 
^^— i-    I      t      I      t 


79- 


SI] 


"^* 


ft-zi    0-3 

d-2S."  £  -  3" 
r-2l3"  F-  3" 


0-20. 
/-2i" 


Assemble   Wi_r^ 
2  "/Vg.  /p  Fi/}r/i£,sD  Screws. 


Seat 


=rl 


HAND  CRAFT  projects 


JUMPING  JACK 


This  character  will  make  an  amusing  toy,  btit  there  is  no 
reason  why  you  cannot  change  it  if  you  desire.  It  would  '"• 
interesting  to  mal\o  several  toys,  each  representing  a  dilTerent 
character.  This  may  he  done  without  changing  the  operation. 
All  that  is  neces:mry  is  to  lieep  the  size  of  the  parts  the 
same  as  in  the  drawing.  The?  changing  of  the  shape  within 
these  limits  will  not  matter. 

In  selecting  stock,  get  a  piece  large  enough,  if  possllile, 
o  that  all  parts  may  be  laid  out  on  it.  The  patterns  nmy  I»e 
laid  out  directly  on  wood  or  on  cardboard.  If  several  toys 
are  to  bo  made,  use  the  latter  method,  for  then  the  patterns 
may  be  used  repeatedly.  In  either  case,  lay  off  squares  accord- 
ing to  the  dimensions  shown  and  trace  designs  so  the  lines 
will  have  the  same  relation  to  the  squares  as  they  do  in  the 
ilrawing.  By  this  method,  the  parts  you  make  will  be  quite 
like  those  shown.  If  one  is  skillful  in  freehand  drawing,  he 
may  make  the  designs  without  the  squares,  and  perhajjs 
according  to  his  own   ideas.     This  would   add   interest  to   the 


construction.     It  may  be  best  to  follow  these  designs  the  first 
time,  after  which  you  may  experiment  along  your  own  ideas. 

When  the  patterns  are  drawn,  cut  out  carefully.  If  they 
are  on  cardboard,  lay  on  the  wood  and  trace  around  them. 
In  placing  the  design  on  the  wood,  be  sure  to  have  the  grain 
run  the  long  way  of  the  piece.  Cut  to  shape  with  a  copiug 
saw  and  sand  well. 

The  various  parts  are  held  together  wilb  pins.  Ilore  holes 
witli  a  sharp  bi-ad  awl  just  large  enough  for  a  pin,  at  the 
points  indicated  on  the  drawing  by  dots.  To  assemble,  insert 
the  pins  in  the  holes,  cut  off  so  the  pin  extends  on  the  other 
side  about  3-lG",  and  with  a  pair  of  round-nose  pliers  liend 
the  end  down  with  a  twisting  motion.  D-  not  try  to  get  the 
parts  to  fit  tightly  together — they  should  work  freely. 

The  toy  will  look  better  if  it  is  painted.  Use  your  own 
Ideas.  For  contrast,  the  upright  should  be  of  a  different 
color  than  the  other  parts.  One  method  is  to  use  hlack  paint, 
leaving  the  natural   wood  for  the  buttons,  face,  etc. 


PLATE  35 


78 


nm 


/t 


Pin 


ZJ; 


Brad 


i 


Jumping  Jack. 


Required  — 

One  One  Tv^O 


Paiajt 
V,  /      Toy  To  Suit 
OwA/  Ideas. 


All  pieces  -^  thicl< 


One 


^\^ 


■'^">5l[ 


y- 


Hake  One 


/3 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


THE  HULA  DANCERS 


For  tho  bodies  of  the  dancers  select  straight  grained  pine 
or  white  wood.  Laj'  out  the  faces  and  the  location  of  the 
nails  that  hold  the  limhs  in  place.  ■\\'ith  a  knife  carve  the 
head  and  face,      rencil  or  paint  in   the  features. 

The  arms  are  cut  from  a  tin  can.  Locate  the  holes  and 
punch  with  a  sharp  2"  finishing  nail.  File  off  the  burr  caused 
Ity  the  nail. 

Fasten  the  arms  to  the  body  with  cigar  box  nails,  making 
sure  that  the  arms  fit  loosely.  Drive  the  nails  until  the  head 
is  about   %"  from  the  body. 

Make  four  legs  of  heavy  cardboard.  Lay  out  a  pattern 
on  paper.  Trace  the  design  through  the  rectangles  as  shown 
on  the  drawing  detail  of  the  leg.  Cut  the  pattern  and  trace 
on  the  cardboard.  Cut  to  line  with  a  pair  of  shears  or  a 
knife.  Fasten  the  legs  to  the  body  the  same  as  the  arms 
were  fastened.  Painting  or  staining  of  the  body,  legs  and 
arms  should  be  done  before  adding  the  skirt  and  wig. 


The  skirt  and  wig  are  cut  from  scrap  black  and  white 
fur.  Make  patterns  of  paper  before  cutting  the  hide.  Glue 
the  skirt  and  wig  to  the  body.  About  %"  of  one  end  of  the 
wig  is  glued  to  the  top  of  the  head,  the  rest  being  permitted 
to  flap  while  the  dancers  are  in  motion.  The  longer  the  hair 
the  better  will  he  the  result.     Rabbit  fur  is  very  good. 

To  operate  the  dancers,  drive  a  pin  In  the  under  si<le  of 
a  chair  rail.  Tie  a  piece  of  black  thread  to  the  pin  and  nbout 
two  feet  from  the  chair  tie  the  thread  through  the  holes  in 
the  center  of  the  arras.  Stand  about  five  feet  from  the 
dancers,  holding  the  string  at  X  in  one  hand  and  concealed 
from  the  audience.  .Tcrk  lightly  and  notice  the  dancing  motion 
transmitted  to  the  dancers. 

Place  a  piece  of  black  cloth  beneath  the  dancers'  feet  so 
the  thread  will  not  be  noticed.  Practice  a  few  minutes  before 
starting  your  exhibition. 


PLATE  36 


75 


I  HE  Hula  Dancers 


Fur  Skirt 

\ 

4                                                  f^M^ 

'                   -7 

\ 

~ 

7 

^/i"-H  ' 

s 

( 

\ 

/I 

^ 

^ 

/ 

i> 

^i 

u 

t:::TT 


/)  Common  P/n 
3  Chair  R/iil 
C    Black  Thre/id 

D     BLACH  CLOJiH 

E    Tin  Arm 


Cardboard  Leg 


76 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


MECHANICAL  DUCK 


As  this  toy  Is  to  t)e  painted,  it  is  possiljle  to  usr  ailnost 
any  kind  of  wood. 

The  body,  head  and  taii  iieing  made  from  wood  of  tlie 
same  thicliness,  select  a  piece  large  enough  to  make  all  three 
parts.  Lay  out  the  small  squares  as  shown,  being  careful  to 
make  accurate  measurements.  Next  trace  the  design  through 
the  squares,  making  the  lines  pass  through  them  in  the  same 
relative  position  as  on  the  drawing.  Do  not  do  this  hastil.y — 
use  great  care  so  the  outline  will  lie  a  good  representation  of 
a  duck.  Even  greater  care  will  lie  required  in  cutting,  for 
no  matter  how  carefully  you  have  traced  your  lines,  unless 
you  cut  exactly  to  them,  you  will  fail.  Use  a  coping  saw 
fur  this. 

Make  parts  D  and  E  next.  Part  D  will  need  careful 
attention.  First  get  out  stock  to  the  overall  dimensions,  then 
lay  out  and  cut  groove.  As  It  is  intended  that  the  duck's 
feet  rest  in  this  groove  for  support,  compare  the  thickness  of 
the  feet  before  you  cut  the  groove  to  exact  size.  This  is  sug- 
gested for  the  reason   that  in  making  part   C  you  may  have 


made  it  a  bit  thin.  The  groove  should  hold  the  feet  snugly  in 
position.  The  last  operation  will  be  to  plane  the  chamfer 
which  runs  only  on  three  sides. 

Pay  attention  to  the  note  on  the  drawing  with  reference 
to  location  of  dowel  holes.  It  Is  easy  to  see  what  difhculty 
would  be  encountered  if  the  holes  were  not  opposite  each 
other  in  the  various  parts. 

When  all  parts  are  finished,  they  should  be  assembled  and 
tested  for  proper  fitting  and  relation  to  each  other.  The 
small  drawing  at  the  right  explains  how  the  parts  are  fastened 
in  place,  and  the  method  of  operating.  When  the  test  is  satis- 
factory, take  the  toy  apart  for  painting.  While  it  is  possible 
to  paint  the  parts  when  assembled,  it  can  lie  done  with  greater 
ease  if  they  are  separated.  The  parts  should  l)e  well  sand- 
papered before  painting. 

When  you  paint  an  eye,  endeavor  to  get  it  to  look  just 
as  much  like  an  eye  as  possible,  and  when  you  represent  the 
feathers,  use  the  same  care.  Careful  and  thoughtful  work 
will  produce  a  toy  that  will  well  repay  your  elTort. 


PLATE  37 


T7 


@ 


® 


it- 

,^2^--_Z._ 

r     r-^-;     : 

is;!:;;'!-; 

t             t                           -^N/ 

-5    /-             ^"^ 

"   1 

„r 

^n 

JJ^I 

^-^ 

,^^,        iv                      fc) 

^      :     ^v^        ^ 

^      Si         s 

V           ^^ 

^  /-         ^. 

s^^        -i^'--x        ^ 

^'        f       'i 

\              ^     J- 

V                                 -/'^ 

^^            z 

■>  -       /^      i 

--^    :r  ,-^      J 

2__    _    _    D        4-^ 

Brad 

3^J  D0VV£L 

Brad  and 

Do\A/£L 

Are  Checks 
For  a  -B 

3' 
6 


Mechanical  Duck. 

Paint  -   Body ^- Gray   With  White  Wings. 
Head  And  Neck  .Cray,  Red  Eye. 
White   Crown,  Yellow  Bill 
Tail.-  Cray  And  White.     Fee  t,  - 
Yellow  And  Black.    Feathers ,■ 
Black   Stripez     E,- Brown. 


■^   DoW£LS 


View  Of  Parts 
Without   C  In  Place 


./• 

r^/l- 

^<9 

(i 

J^ 

-/ 

.  1 

7^                -r^t 

Jl'^v^ 


® 


Groove 
For  C  Not 
^Shov^n 

Locate  Holes  On  C 
By  Means  Of  Squares.  To 
Locate  Holes  X-Y On E.  Put 
C  In  Groove  ,  Then  Place  E 
Against  C  And  Mark 
Through  C  On  £. 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


SCOUT  FIREMAKING  SET 


That  this  outfit  is  i)r!ic'tic;il  has  liccn  ih-innnstrati-il  by 
users  who  have  won  contests  for  speed  in  setting  fires. 

Lay  out  bow  acconling  to  detailed  drawing.  Bore  a  %" 
hole  to  form  round  part  of  cutout  just  ahead  of  hand-hold. 
With  coping,  keyhole  or  turning  saw,  cut  to  line  of  layout. 
Next  niaki-  holes  for  leather  or  buckskin  thong.  Finish  bow 
by  making  all  corners  round,  scraping  with  window  glass, 
and  smoothing  with  fine  sandpaper.  Spnnd  plenty  of  time 
on  this  so  the  handle  will  be  nicely  rounded  and  all  parts 
smooth  and  free  from  slivers.  Rub  bow  with  linseed  or  other 
oil,  so  If  you  are  caught  in  the  rain  with  it,  the  wood  will 
not  be  affected.  Thread  the  thong  through  the  holes  and  hold 
by  a  brad  pushed  through  leather  so  it  cannot  slip  through 
the  hole. 

The  block  D  is  made  of  oak.  It  is  chamfered  and  has  a 
screw  driven  about  3-lfi  of  an  inch  below  the  surface  at  the 
center,  which  acts  as  a  bearing  for  the  head  of  the  round 
head  screw  In  the  end  of  drill  C, 


Make  drill  of  cypress,  as  this  material  will  start  the 
tinder  more  readily  than  other  wood.  It  can  be  made  round, 
left  square,  or  have  the  corners  planed  off.  One  end  is  nicely 
rounded  and  the  other  has  a  screw  driven  half  way  into  it. 

The  tinder  board  is  made  of  cypress.  Lay  out  notches  as 
shown,  but  before  cutting  with  a  saw,  bore  V^"  holes  y\" 
deep.    The  holes  are  to  receive  the  end  of  the  drill. 

To  start  a  fire,  make  shavings  of  dry  wood.  Collect  some 
dry  grass  and  twigs.  Place  board  A  on  ground,  and  below 
one  of  the  notches  place  a  bunch  of  tinder.  Wind  the  thong 
on  the  bow  about  the  drill  as  shown  in  assembled  drawing. 
Place  end  of  drill  in  hole,  hold  block  D  in  the  left  hand 
on  the  screw  in  the  other  end  of  the  drill.  Grasp  bow  by 
handle  with  right  hand,  hold  part  A  with  whichever  knee  ig 
most  convenient,  then  saw  with  the  bow.  causing  drill  to 
revolve  back  and  forth  rapidly.  As  soon  as  timber  begins  to 
smoke,  remove  board,  pick  up  tinder  and  blow  steadily  on  it, 
or  swing  it,  holding  in  both  hands  until  it  begins  to  flame. 


PLATE  38 


70 


Cypress 


Boat  I  HoLts 
J  OetP  To y^ 
Aid    /f\i 

STytflTlfJG  C 


Place  Nau  rHRouGH 
THorjG  At  £.  Loosen  Or 
Tighten  Tmong  &y  Changing 
Position  Of  Nail. 

^3  TEN  With 
Strong  Tack 


I^RH.  Screw 


5COUT  Hremaking  Set. 


L£FT  Hand 
Here 


Cypress 

(gs      \       RouNO  End 


CHj^nFER 


■^     \-^''  Tinder  ^S^ 


^P 


.1   n. 


A..^------v:::.--:^{^.m^ 


Sore  Holes  For         "-— ^ 
Thong     As  Shown 
By  Dotted  Lines 

Make  Of  Oak-  Round  ^All  dooES 


Tinder 
Can  Be  Made 
By  Frayino  Piece 
Of  Soft  Manilla 


Rlace 
Knee 
^  HEBE 


Oak 


■:■     @ 


?% 


->. 


Shall  FH 

Screw  To 

Serve  As  A  Bearing  For    C 


■"T. 

_! 


80 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


BOB  SLED 


This  'Irawins  will  roquiro  (■iinsi(li'ral>lc  study  Iipforc 
ntteinpling  to  make  the  sled.  It  may  be  made  to  he  pulled 
with  the  tongue  or  a  pair  of  thills  may  be  made  for  a  dog 
or  pony.    The  thills  and  tongue  may  I)e  interchangeable. 

Begin  by  malilns  the  box.  All  the  stocli  Is  %"  thick 
except  the  dash,  and  this  is  %".  Next  make  the  Vi"  strips 
that  fit  over  the  upper  edges  of  the  box. 

Get  out  the  stock  for  the  seat  and  the  small  cleats  that 
are  fastened  to  the  inside  of  the  box  to  hold  the  seat  in 
position.  Also  the  stiips  that  fit  into  these  pieces  and  are 
fastened  to  the  sides  of  the  seat. 

Next  get  out  parts  2  and  3  which  fit  under  the  box  ami 
are  bolted  to  it ;  in  other  words  the  front  and  lack  Irolstnrs. 
The  back  bolster  is  fastened  to  the  box  by  two  eye  bolts, 
and  also  to  part  4,  by  eye  bolts  hooked  in  those  running  up 
through  the  box.  This  allows  the  back  bob  to  rock  when 
going  over  uneven  surfaces. 

The  front  bolster  is  bolted  to  the  box  and  Is  fastened  to 


part   4    by   a    king   bolt   that    runs   through   the   box,   and    also 
part   3  and  4,     It  is  secured  by  a  nut  under  the  bob. 

Make  parts  4  and  note  the  mortises  in  these  pieces,  into 
which  fit  the  tenons  on   parts  5. 

Parts  5  should  next  be  made  and  fitted  to  the  parts 
just  constructed,  then  work  can  be  started  on  the  runners, 
which  perhaps  will  be  the  hardest  of  the  work.  Lay  out  the 
runners  as  shown  by  the  drawing,  cutting  the  mortises  t)efore 
the  runners  are  cut  to  shape.  Angle  irons  should  be  fastened 
in  the  corners  where  parts  4  and  5  are  connected.  Also  iron 
strips  should  be  .screwed  to  the  runners  and  parts  5. 

Make  the  tongue  and  spreader  to  which  it  is  fastened. 
Tile  latter  is  fastened  to  the  runners  with  %"  lag  screws. 
Note  a  spreader  is  also  required  for  the  bacic  bob. 

The  iron  runners  or  shoes  may  he  put  on  at  a  blacksmith 
shop  or  you  may  do  this  yourself,  as  it  is  not  difflcult.  The 
scheme  for  painting  the  finished  sled  is  indicated  on  the  draw- 
ing by  the  letters. 


PLATE  39 


81 


r 


■  > 


ife'i 


nr^^ 


5C5  JZ.fZ). 


J/t£w    Without 
Run  NCR  5,  £tc. 


■^ 


^-iPlfii'-  ..-^/^c- ^3^F^.  f:~. 


^'  -J  w' 


Mater/al. 

3mo£3  -  Steel. 

■/4/vg    TH/M.L3    -  OAn 
OTH£Pt   Part^  -jAnv  Coop    Wood 


82 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


A  HIGH  SPEED  DRILL 


Years  ago  wlu-u  tho  Indians  hail  no  matches  thoy  started 
their  fires  by  working  a  how  and  arrow  similar  to  the  work- 
ing of  this  drill.  The  Chinese  also  use  a  contrivance  like  this 
one.  with  a  weight  on  tup  of  the  shaft  for  drilling  hides  "lu 
ilominoes. 

The  drill  shaft  is  round  and  may  be  planed  from  a  square 
stick  if  you  do  not  have  a  dowel  rod  about  this  size.  Taper 
one  end  of  the  shaft  to  receive  the  drill  point  and  bore  a 
hole  in  the  other  end  for  the  string. 

Make  the  fly  wheel  of  heavy  wood,  as  the  heavier  the 
wheel  the  better  the  drill  will  work.  Lay  out  the  fly  wheel 
with  a  pair  of  dividers  or  a  pencil  compass  and  cut  to  line 
with  a  coping  saw.  The  hole  bored  at  the  center  should  be  a 
press  fit  on  the  shaft  and  should  be  fastened  to  it  with  glue. 

Use  a  piece  of  hard  wood  for  the  movable  arm.  Lay  out 
the   shape   from    center   lines.      Bore  the   hole   before    shaping 


the    piece,    to    prevent    splitting.      Note    that    tlie    hole  in    this 
l)iece  is  larger  than  the  oni-  in  the  fly  wheel. 

Fish  or  chalk  line  should  be  used  for  assemiding  the 
movable  arm  to  the  shaft.  The  line  or  cord  used  must  not 
be  stiff,  but  very  pliable,  so  it  will  wrap  about  the  shaft  easily. 
Tie  a  knot  in  the  cord  each  side  of  the  shaft  to  keep  it  from 
slipping  out  of  place.  Thread  the  ends  through  the  holes  In 
the  movable  arm  and  knot  several  times. 

To  operate  the  drill  wind  the  string  around  the  shaft  by 
turning  the  movable  arm  on  it.  Then  press  down  on  the  arm. 
releasing  the  pressure  as  the  arm  reaches  the  end  of  the  down- 
ward stroke.  This  will  cause  the  string  to  wind  in  the  oppo- 
site direction  on  the  shaft,  raising  the  arm  for  the  next  stroke. 
A  little  soap  applied  to  the  shaft  will  cause  the  arm  to  slide 
easily. 


PLATE  40 


83 


A  HIGH  SPELD  DRILL 


Fly  v/heel 


NfllL  DRIUS 


U      li 

gnJ  filed  ehdfrafffnfJ 


••^. 


CNINC3C  Drilling 
Spots  ONDomuoes. 


MOVABLE  ARM 


84 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


CRUMB  TRAY 


A  dark  wood  will  l>p  most  suitable  for  this  model.  A 
light  wood,  it  left  natural,  will  soil  easily,  and  if  stained,  the 
color  will  he  affeeted  by  the  dampness  on  the  cloth  that  must 
occasionally  he  used  to  keep  it  dean.  It  made  from  gumwood, 
and  given  two  or  three  coats  of  linseed  oil,  you  will  have  a 
very  attractive  piece  of  work.. 

Get  out  your  stock  for  the  tray  to  the  overall  dimensions, 
then  lay  out  the  shape  with  fine  pencil  lines.  The  radius  for 
drawing  the  arcs  from  points  C  anit  D  is  %".  The  same  radius 
is  used  for  rounding  the  corners  at  the  back  of  the  tray.  No 
radius  is  shown  for  the  cornirs  at  the  front  of  the  tray. 
These  are  to  be  rounded  to  give  a  pleasing  curve. 

To  best  show  the  shape  of  the  finished  tray,  the  end  view 
is  given  as  a  section  on  the  line  AI?  shown  in  the  front  view. 

The  tool  which  is  used  most  in  this  constru<'tinn  is  thi' 
ffoiif/e,  one  having  the  l>evel  on  the  outside.  It  must  be 
sharp.     First  practice  using  it  on  an  old  piece  of  wood.     Com- 


mence removing  the  waste  stock  by  working  from  the  center 
to  the  outside.  Keep  away  from  the  lines  about  Vs"  until  the 
roughest  part  of  the  work  is  complete,  then  finish  carefully 
to  the  lines.  The  gouge  is  not  an  easy  tool  to  work  with  at 
first  and  you  cannot  get  as  smooth  surfaces  as  with  a  plane. 
I5e  careful  around  the  comers. 

It  is  necessary  to  have  some  kind  of  a  hand-hold.  The 
end  view  shows  the  curve  crosswise  of  the  tray  and  the  front 
view  shows  the  length  and  the  curve  at  the  ends.  The  tray 
is  thinner  at  the  front  than  at  the  back.  Shape  this  after  the 
rest  of  the  work  is  complete,  as  it  is  easier  to  hold  the  piece 
in  the  vi.se  or  clamp  if  it  is  the  same  thickness  all  over. 

Lay  out  the  scraper  as  shown.  Saw  the  curve  with  a 
coping  saw. 

Sandpaper  all  the  work,  and  finish  as  suggested.  Kemcm- 
hcr  that  sandpaper  does  not  take  the  place  of  the  plane,  chisel, 
etc.     Use  it  only  after  all  the  tool  work  is  finished. 


PLATE  41 


85 


TRPtV 


-5^ 


-6" 


L 


<o 


"Sect/on 
T/,fU  A  5 


ScRPjPfcR 


^. 


r 


1«' 


86 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJFXTS 


A  SIMPLE  AND  SERVICEABLE  FLAG  HOLDER 


tr  some  nther  soft  wihmI  shimld  I'l- 


il.M-ii.il  fcir  tliis 


iHilder. 


Start  work  on  the  liasi'.  I'lane  it  to  the  r(>(4iiire(l  (linu-ii- 
sions.  then  lay  out  tlip  locations  for  the  holes  H  and  J.  Draw 
two  center  lines,  as  shown,  and  on  tlie  center  line  running 
across  the  piece,  marli  points  %"  from  each  edge  for  holes 
nnirked  .T.  On  the  center  line  running  lengthwise  •  of  the 
piece  mark  points  one  inch  each  way  from  the  center  for  the 
holes  marked  H.  At  these  points  drill  3-10"  holes  entirely 
through  the  piece.  Countersink  holes  marked  H  on  the  bottom 
side  of  the  base  to  receive  a  flat-head  screw. 

Next  with  a  sharp-pointed  pencil  lay  out  the  Vs"  chamfer 
all  around  the  top  edge.  Never  use  a  marking  gage,  as  it 
will  make  a  groove  in  the  wood  that  cannot  be  removed  un- 
less the  chamfer  is  made  larger  than  is  desired. 

Plane  the  chamfer,  holding  tlw  piece  in  the  vise  for  this 
operation.     Sandpaper  well,  being  careful  to  keep  sharp  edges. 


It    will 

Mfl.l      1 

cilgi'S  .M.   N  a 

]|ll     (> 

front  end. 

I'iei,;ife  :i  piere  li.r'the  holder  next.  Bore  a  Inde  two 
inches  deei)  to  tit  your  Hag  stick.  Next  lay  out.  as  shown  in 
the  drawing,  the  parts  to  be  removed,  which  are  shown  by 
ilnited  lines.     lieninve  the  parts  with  a  plane. 

the   appearance   of  the    finished    piece    if 
re  chamfered   \s"  back  .1  ini-hes  from   the 

.\f(er  finishing  tlie  holder  with  sandpaper,  the  parts  are 
ready  lo  bi'  ass"lnlded.  They  are  fastened  together  wilh  llat- 
head  screws  through  the  countersunk  holes. 

Drive  a  screw  through  the  top  of  the  holder  into  the  h(.de 
to  be  occupied  by  the  Hag  stick.  This  screw  should  be  made 
lc>  lit  loosely,  so  it  may  be  turned  with  the  lingers,  and  its 
purpose  is  to  hold  the  Hag  stick  in  place  so  it  is  not  blown  out 
by  the  wind.  , 

A  desirable  finish  is  to  paint  the  holder  to  match  the 
house  or  other  surface  it  is  to  be  fastened  upon. 


PLATE  43 


87 


88 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


TOY  RABBIT 


A  coping  saw  or  a  band  saw  will  Ijo  necessary  for  inal<iui; 
this  toy.  If  you  have  tin-  use  of  a  baud  saw,  and  am  properly 
supervised  in  Its  operation,  the  construction  will  be  much 
easier.  The  work  can  be  done  well  with  the  coping  saw,  but 
it  will  require  n  little  mere  effort  on  the  part  of  the  worlier. 

First  lay  out  your  patterns  on  thin  cardboard.  Lay  out 
the  squares  as  indicated  and  trace  the  design  through  these 
squares  in  the  same  way  as  they  are  traced  through  the 
squares  of  the  drawing.  Be  very  careful  with  this  part  of 
the  worlt.  You  want  this  design  to  look  enough  like  a  real 
rabbit  so  your  friends  will  not  ask  you  where  you  got  your 
dog.    You  will  find  it  quite  a  task  to  get  just  the  right  outline. 

When  the  patterns  are  completed  to  your  satisfaction, 
cut  out  with  a  pair  of  sharp  shears.  Lay  them  on  the  stock 
from  which  the  toy  is  to  be  made  and  trace  around  them. 
Locate  the  holes  with  exactness.  It  is  important  that  the 
holes  on   the  right  side  of  the  body  be  exactly   opposite   the 


ones  i>n  the  left  side.  Before  cutting  to  shape,  it  will  be  well 
to  bore  the  holes  for  the  screws.  Select  the  size  screw  you 
wish  to  use  and  bore  accordingly.  When  all  parts  are  cut  to 
shape,  assemble  them  to  see  if  they  have  the  proper  relation 
to  each  other.  If  satisfied  with  this  test,  take  them  apart, 
smooth  with  sandpaper,  and  p.nint  according  to  the  suggestion 
on  the  drawing.  Paint  each  piece  separately  and  hang  up  to 
dry  by  meaus  of  small  pieces  of  string. 

Make  the  cart  next.  Be  careful  to  get  the  wheels  round. 
The  measurements  for  the  grooves  in  the  cart  are  to  be  taken 
from  the  iini.shed  toy.  Lay  out  and  cut  accordingly.  Paint 
the  whole  cart  red. 

Washers  should  be  used  between  all  movable  parts  for 
two  reiisons.  First,  to  make  the  parts  work  easily,  and  second, 
to  keep  from  marring  the  painted  sui-faces.  For  instance,  if 
the  legs  were  fastened  to  the  body  without  a  washer  the 
movement  of  the  legs  would  soon  wear  off  the  paint. 


PLATE  4:! 


k> 

— 

Make  Two 

t 

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■— 

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> 

Toy  Rabbit 


Make  Two 
Of  Each 


— Paint — 
Rabbit-  Whi  te. 
Spot  Black 
Or  Gi^^y. 
Ca^r-t  -  Red 


Indicates 
Location  Of 
Holes  Fofi  Screws 


These 
Dimensions 
To  Suit 
Finished  Toy 


»..p  "oj  I  : 


rM\ 


-irnr 


L: 


Washeh 


0 


90 


HAND  GRAFT  PROJECTS 


TARGET  PISTOL 


r.t'j:ln  work  by  iiuiUing  pistol.  Soft  wuod  such  as  piu'' 
should  bo  .selected,  as  there  is  considerable  carving  to  be  done 
with  the  jaek-knife.  IMano  the  piec<'  sijuare  and  to  size,  then 
lay  out  the  form.  Bore  a  V^'nch  hole  through  barrel  and 
then,  with  a  smaller  bit.  cut  the  opening  in  which  the  hanuiicr 
slides.  Note  the  cut  is  made  deeper  at  X.  Cut  to  form  with 
a  coping  saw.     Before  rounding  barrel  cut  opening  for  trigger. 

Make  trigger.  Bore  holes  with  a  brad  awl  for  pin  ami 
rubber  band.     Fit  trigger  in  place  and  fasten  with  a  pin. 

Drive  a  tack  in  the  bottom  side  of  barrel  and  loop  a 
rubber  band  run  through  the  trigger  over  it.  The  rubber 
band   acts  as  a  trigger  spring. 

The  hammer  should  be  made  of  a  piece  of  hard  wood. 
Thread  a  heavy  rubber  hand  through  hammer  and  loop  ends 
over  tacks  or  screws  driven  in  sides  of  barrel.  Fine  springs 
such  as  may  be  taken  from  an  old  adding  machine  may  be 
used  with  the  ruliber  band,  or  if  they  are  strong  enough  no 
ruLiher  hanil  will  be  required.  Thread  a  piece  of  fish  or  chalk 
line  through  hole  in  hammer,  to  be  used  to  pull  hammer  back 
to  cock  the  gun. 


Taki-  pistol  apart  and  round  barrel,  trigger  anil  handir- 
nicely.  Also  santl  insirle  of  I)arn'l  so  the  bulb'l  will  slide  <mi1 
easily. 

To  make  bullet,  whittle  oul  a  nuind  stick,  cut  a  shoubb'i- 
and  notches  as  at  1.  Wrap  a  piece  of  wrapping  paper  around 
liullet  as  at  2  and  fasten  with  a  piece  of  string.  Stand  the 
liullet  in  a  hole  bored  in  a  piece  of  board  and  pour  paper 
mold  full  of  hot  lead.  The  lead  can  be  melted  in  an  old 
spoon.  A  drop  of  water  poured  in  the  hot  lead  will  cause 
it  to  explode,  so  do  not  allow  water  to  be  put  on  the  lead 
until  after  it  has  set.  When  the  lead  has  cooled  remove  papi-r 
anri   file  the  end   round. 

The  frame  for  target  is  well  dimensioned  so  little  troul)Ie 
will  be  experienced  in  making  it.  The  dolls  are  made  of 
clothes  pins. 

To  play  the  game  shoot  in  turns.  The  men  count  10  and 
the  women  5.  The  person  first  making  50  points  wins  the 
game. 


PLATE  44 


92 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


JACK  BE  NIMBLE 


E\'pry  boy  has  learned  this  old  nurseo*  rhynn'  in  Ihc 
klndcrpirtcn.  Hfro  is  a  chance  for  you  to  illustrate  it  for 
the  little  folks.  It  is  to  he  done  with  some  thin  wood,  a 
jack-knife  and  copinq:  saw. 

Make  the  base  B.  Next  lay  out  with  a  pencil  compass 
and  rule  part  A.  Before  sawing  to  form,  bore  a  row  of  5-lG" 
holes,  removing  the  stock  for  the  cut-out.  The  cut-out  can  be 
made  with  the  coping  sp_w.  Finish  the  sides  of  the  cut-out 
with  a  knife,  rat-tail  lile  and  sandpaper.  They  must  be  very 
smooth  so  part  F  will  slide  easily. 

Make  C  and  fasten  to  B  with  cigar  box  nails.  Part  D 
is  made  up  of  two  pieces  of  wood,  one  thin  and  one  thick.  It 
Is  merely  a  slide  and  its  construction  can  be  Ii-arned  from 
the  end  view.     Assemble  with  cigar  box  nails. 

E  is  a  very  thin  piece,  and  receives  considerable  abuse. 
so  select  a  good  tough  piece  of  cigar  box  lumber  for  this  part. 


It    must    be   made   accurately   and    the    edges   of   the   slot   and 
corners  nicely  rounded  and  smoothed  with  sandpaper. 

Part  F  will  have  to  l>e  made  with  a  jack-knife,  unless  you 
have  a  turning  latlu-. 

Jack,  or  part  (J,  should  be  drawn  on  a  piece  of  wood 
having  the  grain  run  at  such  an  angle  that  the  point  of  the 
cap  will  not  split  off. 

Drive  brads  for  the  rublx^r  band  and  then  assembb^ 
according  to  the  drawing.  It  will  be  found  necessary,  no 
doubt,  to  sand  parts  here  and  there  so  they  will  work  well. 
A  little  common  soap  applied  to  movable  parts  will  make 
them  work  freely. 

With  a  small  brush  decorate  the  toy  as  indicated  on  the 
drawing.  To  operate,  hold  B  in  the  left  hand,  grasp  the 
handle  on  E  between  the  thumli  and  first  and  second  fingers 
of  the  right  hand,  pull  to  the  right  till  Jack  backs  over  the 
candle,  release  the  handle  and  see  Jack  jump. 


PLATE  45 


03 


Jack  Be  Nimble 


Paint — 
/K-B  Yellow  H^  Red  I  Pink 
J-  White  K- Green  Candle  -  White^Reo  . 

HOLDERdROWN  SMOKE  GRAY 


94 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


BOY  SCOUT'S  HELIOGRAPH  OUTFIT 


First  grt  !iut  all  pieces  uf  stock  to  their  overall  sizes. 

Fit  to  the  liorizontiil  part  the  two  pieces  which  fit  just 
in  front  and  back  of  shutter  fratne  and  which  hohl  the  latter 
in  a  firm,  upright  position.  Cut  notch  in  central  part  of 
frame  later.  Next  cut  the  angles  on  upper  ends  of  B  and  C. 
First  study  the  drawing,  then  hold  parts  as  neai'ly  as  you 
can  in  proper  position  with  reference  to  pieces  to  which  they 
are  to  fit.  This  should  assist  you  in  understanding  the  draw- 
ing. Lay  out  the  angles,  but  before  cutting,  compare  again. 
Next  locate  and  cut  notches  for  part  X.  To  do  this  lay  H  and 
C  on  the  floor  in  proper  position,  place  X  on  them  so  it 
will  be  14"  from  bottom  of  each  piece,  then  mark.  Fasten  X 
in  position  at  once. 

Lay  out  and  cut  A  next.  Fasten  A,  B  and  C  in  place 
with  small  hinges.  When  these  parts  are  assembled,  the  small 
blocks  that  rest  just  back  of  A,  B  and  C  may  be  fitted  and 
fastened  in  place.  To  locate  notch  to  be  cut  in  horizontal 
part,  fold  B  and  C  back  so  X  rests  upon  it.  then  mark  and  cut. 


M.Mki'  iiirror  frame  next.  The  mirror  shouM  be  one  suit- 
able tor  this  size  frame  and  is  to  be  held  in  place  liy  round- 
head screws  and  washers.  ,\  2"  round-head  screw  holds  the 
fi'ame  to  the  horizontal  support.  Use  a  washer  here  also. 
Turn  screw  Just  tight  enough  to  hold  frame  securely  and  yet 
permit  it  to  lie  turned  as  desired. 

Next  make  shutter  frame.  It  will  be  necessary  to  bore 
holes  for  shutter  support  and  to  place  the  latter  in  position 
before  assembling  the  parts.  Tack  shutter  in  place  afterwards. 
Small  cleats  are  placed  in  front  of  shutter  at  the  top,  and 
back  of  shutter  at  the  bottom  to  keep  it  from  swinging  farther 
than  is  necessary.  The  opening  at  bottom  of  fi-ame  should 
be  a  size  that  will  hold  the  shutter  in  a  snug  position  when 
in  use.    When  carrying  from   place  to  place  it  is  removed. 

.\  coat  of  paint  will  add  to  the  appearance  and  also  pre- 
serve  the  wood. 

The  outfit  can  be  quickly  set  up  and  adjusted  to  flash 
the  signals  to  any  point  desired. 


PLATK  4fi 


DtTAiL  OF  tliRROPi  FRy^r/a 
U3£.  MiRRofi  Suitable  For    This 
5/Z£  FR^rte  DoRe  Hole 5  ^t  ^  To 
SutT  Use  R  H ScRLws  ^noW'-^sners 


Boy  Scouts  Heliogr/\ph  Outfit. 

Det/ml  Of  3HUTTEJi  ^no  FRAne 


^^i-^ 


Locate 
Amo  Cut 
After 


To  Cut  Notches  In 
3  Ar^o  C  Fopi    X .  Lf^y    3  -^f^o  C 
Oiv  Ftoofi ,    Pl-^ce    X    In    Position 
A  NO     n^RK       X    Is    /I   FRon    Bottom. 


Part  C  Is  S-^ne  Size. 
1^3  S.  But  Upper  £no  Is 
Cut    Just    Opposite 


96 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


GROUND  SCRATCHER 


This  groun;!  scratoher  will  be  found  vi-ry  conveni.iit  r..r 
those  having  small  gardens.  The  project  is  also  i  good  one 
to  make  for  Ihe  practice  gained  in  laying  out  an  irregular 
shai-'ed   object  from  dimensions  given. 

The  pattern  might  be  laid  out  on,  and  cut  from  a  piece 
of  cardboard  and  then  traced  on  the  wood.  Plane  up  a  piece 
of  wood  to  the  n'quired  thickness  and  on  it  trace  the  pattern. 
Use  a  coping  saw  to  cut  to  form  and  finish  with  a  file  and 
sandpaper. 

Bore  a  hole  in  the  handle.  Bore  from  both  sides  so  the 
wood  around  the  hole  will  not  split  out.  Locate  the  points 
at  which  to  drive  the  brads  or  scratchers  and  drive  at  about 


th.'  angle  indicated.  If  the  angle  at  which  the  brad  comes 
through  docs  not  look  right  it  can  be  bent  to  suit  with  a  pair 
of  pliers. 

Make  the  thin  cap  that  covers  the  heads  of  the  brads. 
This  is  necessary  to  keep  the  brads  from  working  loose  and 
pushing  up  through  the  handle.  The  cap  may  be  bradded  in 
place,  but  it  is  suggested  that  holes  be  bored  and  it  be  fastened 
to  the  handle  with  small  round-head  screws.  Trace  the  cap 
from  the  first  part  made  so  it  will  be  exactly  the  same  shape. 

With  sandpaper  round  all  edges  ninely,  especially  the 
handle,  so  the  sharp  corners  will  not  bother  the  user  while 
working. 


PLATE  47 


98 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


CHILD'S  SNOW  SHOVEL 


Any   material   will   do   for  the   snow   shovel, 
painted,  so  work  in  any  scrap  pieces. 


It   is   to  be 


Part  D  should  be  made  of  one  piece  if  possible,  but  two 
pieces  may  be  used.  The  strip  across  the  back  and  metal 
piece  across  the  front  edge  will  help  hold  the  parts  together. 
Plane  part  D  to  size  and  chamfer  front  edge  as  indicated  on 
the  drawing  of  part  D. 

Make  part  C  next.  Note  ou  the  drawing  that  the  corners 
are  cut  and  a  cut-out  made   for   the   handle.      Fasten   part   C 


to  1)  with  screws.     Bore  holes  and  countersink  them,  as  llat- 
head  screws  are  to  be  used. 

Now  make  the  handle.  It  is  composed  of  two  parts,  A 
and  B.  Fasten  A  to  P.  with  one  screw  and  two  hnishlng 
nails.     Also  fasten  B  to  C  and  D  with  screws. 

Paint  D  and  front  face  of  C  black,  the  rest  of  C  and 
the  handle  red. 

Cut  a  strip  of  galvanized  Iron  or  heavy  tin,  bend  and  tack 
over  the  edge  of  D. 


PLATE  48 


00 


•  1_ 

C/y/z.  Z75  Snow  jho  vel 

-i«o ,  ^ 

:a 

■*» 

.^  •     -L* 

i_ 

\. 36" ^-jj      t 

W^ 

/>?/?7-    £• 

Part    i 

2                             /^ 

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■i 

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1 

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1 

.. 

Pa/f7t  D  ond 
ffon^  foccBf  C 
b/ack,  ffit  fcst  of 
C  and  /loni^/e  retf. 

— «_ 

■^ 

(4-                                                                                                   ^           ^^^ 

"^^ 

100 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


KITES 


The  making  of  kites  like  boat  making  requires  consider- 
able personal  experimenting  to  make  them  perform  as  desired. 

These  drawings  show  a  few  of  the  most  common  kites. 
The  double  dotted  lines  represent  the  kite  sticks  and  the 
single  ilotted  lines  the  string  which  is  stretched  from  stick 
to  stick  and  holds  them  in  position.  The  string  Is  also  used 
to  strengthen  the  paper  which  Is  pasted  over  It. 

The  first  kite  is  called  by  boys  a  two  sticker  and,  like 
the  three  sticker,  requires  a  tail.  It  is  impossilde  to  sa.v  how 
long  or  how  heavy  the  tail  must  be.  It  should  be  just  heavy 
enough  so  the  kite  will  not  dive.  The  tail  can  be  made  of 
strips  of  cloth  tied  together. 

A  bridle  or  belly  band  may  vary  in  length  on  different 
kites,  but  this  will  have  to  be  adjusted  when  the  trial  (light 
Is  made. 

Sticks  for  kites  can  be  made  from  a  straight  grained 
cedar  post.  They  will  be  very  light  and  will  bend  consider- 
able   without    breaking.      Other    light    wood    will    do    for    the 


sticks.  To  make  the  sticks  from  a  post  si)Iit  off  thin  strips 
with  an  axe  and  then  plane  to  size. 

Fasten  the  sticks  together  where  they  cross  with  a  tine 
Itrad  or  cigar  box  nail  and  bind  with  waxed  cord. 

Bend  the  cross  stick  of  the  bow  kite  as  shown  at  the  6" 
dimen.sion  on  the  drawing  and  hold  in  this  position  with  a 
piece  of  fish  line.  It  is  great  sport  to  fly  three  of  these  kites 
at  one  time,  although  it  takes  some  skill  to  get  them  up  and  a 
very  strong  line  to  hold  them. 

Kites  like  the  four-stick  in  the  drawing  have  always  won 
the  height  contests  and  are  not  difficult  to  make.  Cover  this 
kite  with  linen  cloth  or  tracing  cloth. 

Box  kites  are  also  easy  to  nmke.  The  cross  sticks  can 
I)e  half  lapped  or  fastened  in  other  ways  as  the  maker 
may  wish. 

The  best  material  for  covering  kites  Is  tracing  cloth, 
heavy  colored  tissue  paper  or  cloth  that  will  not  allow  the 
wind  to  blow  through  it.  A  cooked  flour  and  water  paste  is 
as  good  as  any. 


PLATK  49 


101 


String 


Two  Stick 


-37':^ 
Box  Kite 


\—7-\ 


Three  Stick 


y  e  6 


Kites 


Two  St/ck  Bow 

No  tail 


Four  Stick 


Yofd  Stick  ' 

3  Two  Stick  Bow  Kites 


■^^ 


SquapcBox  Kite 


102 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


PUZZLES 


The  first  drawing  shows  "THE  MYSTERIOUS  STRINC 
rrZZLE."  Pull  one  ccd  ami  the  strins  is  white  ;  pull  the 
other  and  it  is  red.  A  sectional  vi<'W  shows  the  object  cut 
through  the  center  and  one  part  removed,  expor.in^  the  in- 
terior. 

.  Get  out  a  piece  of  soft  wood  and  bor;-  a  Vj"  hole  alino;:t 
the  entire  length.  Augur  bits  work  hard  in  end  grain,  so  use 
soft  wood.  Make  a  plug  to  lit  the  hole  from  the  same  wood. 
It  should  be  made  longer  than  the  piece  desired  so  it  can  be 
sawed  off  after  being  put  in  plaee.  After  sawing,  if  the  plug 
is  still  evident  it  may  be  concealed  by  pounding  or  battering 
the  end  with  a  hammer  or  paint  the  whole  piece. 

Bore  a  %"  hole  crosswise  of  the  piece.  Thread  a  piece 
of  heavy  chalk  line  through  the  holes — straight  across — reach 
up  in   the  large  hole  with  a  crochet  hook  and  draw  the  cord 


down  through  the  hole.  Drive  a  staple  in  one  end  of  the 
plug  after  the  cord  is  placed  in  positiou  with  reference  to  the 
staple.  Insert  the  plug  into  the  hole  to  a  depth  of  1"  and 
saw  flush  with  the  end.     Pull  ends  of  string  up  tight. 

Tie  a  knot  in  one  end  of  the  cord  and  color  it  red  for 
a  distance  of  about  4".  Pull  the  other  end  of  the  cord,  draw- 
ing the  red  end  in  as  far  as  the  knot  will  permit.  Cut  this 
end  off  to  the  same  length  as  the  dthcr  and  tie  a  knot.  Leave 
this  end  white. 

The  other  puzzle  is  rather  difficult  to  solve.  Make  the 
piece  as  shown  and  tie  the  buttons  in  place.  Ordinary  knots 
are  used  at  the  end,  but  in  the  middle  the  string  should  be 
fastened  as  indicated  at  A.  The  object  is  to  get  both  buttona 
on  one  side  without  untying  the  end  knots. 


PLATE  50 


103 


Puzzles. 


ChalK  Line 
Color  one  end,- 
l^s^'^^  /^'   Leave,  other  end 
wh/'fe. 


j  Bore  I 
3  Ho/es 


Staple 


Object - 

To  get  button 
X  on  same 
Side  as   Y 
without  untieing 
the  knots. 


-//H 


^ 


7 


Tl 


j    Enlarged 
/r[  view 
mat  A 


104 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


TRENCH  MORTAR 


Boys,  here  is  a  Fourth  of  July  cannon  that  will  do  every- 
thing a  war  cannon  will  do  except  kill  people.  It  will  boom, 
shoot  a  projectile,  belch  forth  flame  and  smoke  and  recoil  il" 
set  on  a  smooth  surface  when  fired.  There  is  no  danger  con- 
nected with  it  and  it  makes  the  shooting  of  firecrackers  safe. 
The  little  folks  may  use  this  project  as  a  toy  after  it  has 
been  used  for  celebrating  the  Fourth. 

Make  A  the  floor  and  screw  wheels  in  place.  Wheels  may 
be  cut  from  a  piece  of  broom  handle.  Or  wooden  button 
molds  may  be  used.  Button  molds  make  ideal  wheels  as  they 
are  already  bored. 

Next  make  th^  carriage  and  fasten  to  A.  Use  1"  brmls 
for  assembling. 

Now  make  the  barrel.  Square  stock  to  size  and  draw 
diagonals  to  locate  the  center.  With  dividers  or  pencil  com- 
pass from  the  center  just  located  at  the  muzzle,  draw  a  %" 
circle.  Then  bore  a  %"  hole  about  1  inch  deep  in  the  breach 
of   the   barrel.     Remove  the  bit  and   bore   through   the  barrel 


fn.ni    the   muzzle   till   the   holes   meet.      Use   a    rat    tail    lile   or 
sandpaper  on  a  pencil  to  smooth  hole. 

Draw  a  line  around  the  barrel  two  inches  from  the 
breach  and  from  this  line  plane  or  whittle  the  barrel  round 
to  the  %"  circle.  Chamfer  the  breach  end  and  fasten  the 
barrel  in  place  with    %"  No.  7  round-head  screws. 

Cut  a  piece  from  a  tin  can  and  on  it  lay  out  part  E  as 
detailed.  Cut  after  boring  holes  and  finish  with  a  file.  Fasten 
to  end  of  barrel  with  14"  No.  1  round-head  screws  or  cigar 
box  nails. 

Disassemble  all  parts  except  the  mounting  and  paint  as 
indicated.  Drive  a  staple  or  screw  a  screw  eye  in  the  front 
of  part  A  for  a  string. 

Open  the  breach  by  raising  the  tin,  insert  a  firecracker, 
leaving  the  fuse  projecting  through  the  hole  in  the  tin.  Light 
the  fuse  and  watch  the  firecracker,  smoke  and  fire  shoot  from 
the  muzzle  of  the  gun. 


PLATE  51 


in.'i 


Parte 


Trench  Mortar 

Note  — 

Place  Firecracher 
In  BfjRREL  Fasten  Part K  - 
Light  Fuse 
£ 


&IMS~. 


.HART  C    /vw/Y-f  jy^o 
Tf 


Part  B 


>< 

> 

H — 'b' — 1 

ii 

tnifo 

t^l^ 


Note-      ^^' 
CAfiuFLAOC.  Br  Combining  T/it  Colors 

Place  Washers  Be twccn Mov^bl e 
Parts. 

Part  D 


1     1 


(O; 


inn 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


STRADDLE  HORSE 


As  tho  whole  of  this  toy  is  to  bo  palntcil,  mi>st  any  Kiml 
of  wood  may  be  used. 

Work  might  be  started  on  the  head.  Square  up  an  edi^'e 
and  one  end  of  the  piece  from  which  you  are  going  to  make 
It.  Draw  the  squares  with  the  try  square  from  these  sur- 
faces. Lay  out  pattern  and  bore  hole  for  D.  Next  lay  out 
patterns  for  C — the  saddle — and  saw  to  shape. 

Make  part  B.  In  boring  hole  for  axle  F,  iay  out  on  each 
odge  of  B  and  bore  from  rach  edge.  In  boring  from  each 
edge,  the  error,  if  any,  is  greatly  reduced.  Now  make  wheel 
A,  bore  for  axle  from  each  side  of  piece.  The  out.side  of  thtj 
wheel  should  be  made  true.  Describe  a  circle  on  the  stock 
with  a  sharp  pair  of  dividers,  scoring  rather  deeply  ;  use  this 
line  to  work  to. 


The  axle  F  is  one-half  inch  in  diameter.  The  hole  for 
tl.e  axle  is  also  one-half  inch  in  diameter,  and  to  make  the 
wheel  turn  easily  on  the  axle  sand  the  axle  slightly  in  the 
middle. 

Sand  all  pieces  well.  Fasten  D  and  C  in  place,  then 
fasten  E  to  C  with  Ihit-bead  screws,  and  to  B  with  rouml- 
head. 

Before  i,lacing  wheel  in  position,  paint  the  parts.  A 
.s<'heme  for  painting  is  given  on  the  drawing.  Two  coats  of 
paint  will  be  necessary  to  give  the  horse  the  real  finished 
appearance,  but  before  giving  the  second  coat,  place  the  wheel 
in  position  anil  paint  it  fully  assembled. 

Use  washers  as  indicated,  and  be  sure  the  wheel  turns 
easily. 


TLATK  r,3 


107 


108 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


THE  BAG  PUNCHER 


The  first  piece  of  this  toy  to  malie  is  the  base.  Select  a 
good  straight  grained  piece  of  soft  pine.  After  planing  ti> 
size  lay  out  the  mortise  with  a  marking  gage  and  knife,  I'Ut 
with  a  chisel. 

Drill  holes  for  the  wire  support  to  hold  the  bag.  Drill 
these  holes  on  a  line  1%"  from  the  end  of  the  piece. 

Square  up  piece  for  the  man  and  draw  squares  through 
which  to  trace  the  form  of  the  man.  Prepare  a  piece  in  the 
same  manner  for  the  arms.  Now  saw  to  line  with  a  coping 
saw  and  finish  with  sandpaper.  If  you  are  not  accustomed 
to  reading  drawings,  take  note  of  the  dotted  lines  projecting 
from  the  forward  foot  of  the  man.  This  indicates  that  aljout 
%"  of  material  is  to  be  left  here. 

Make  a  saw  cut  for  the  end  of  the  spring  or  corset  stay. 
Also  bore  a  hole  at  A  for  a  brad. 

Carve  out  an  egg  shaped  piece  of  wood  for  the  punchin,-^ 
bag  with    a   knife   and   drive   a   staple    in    the   top   end.      Now 


with  a  pair  of  pliers  form  from  a  piece  of  wire  about  12" 
long  the  bag  support. 

The  spring  is  to  he  made  from  a  corset  stay  or  piece 
of  clock  spring.  Tunch  two  holes  in  it.  one  to  fasten  to  the 
bottom  block  and  the  other  for  the  block  to  operate  the  toy. 

Paint  the  parts  as  desired.  The  bottom  might  be  gray, 
the  trousers  red,  the  shirt  white,  the  gloves  black  and  the 
bag  brown. 

After  the  paint  has  thoroughly  dried,  assemble  the  parts. 
Fasten  the  arms  to  the  body  with  cigar  box  nails.  The  arms 
must  swing  freely.  As  the  body  is  so  thin,  the  arms  should 
be  fastened  one  a  little  above  the  other  so  the  nail  points 
will  not  touch. 

Place  the  foot  in  the  mortise  and  fasten  with  a  long 
brad.  Put  cue  end  of  the  spring  in  the  saw  kerf  in  the  foot. 
Fasten  the  other  end  to  tlie  bottom  piece  with  a  cigar  box 
nail.  Set  the  bat;  support  in  place  and  operate  by  pressing 
on  the  little  block  fastened  to  the  spring. 


PLATE  5:i 


109 


The  Bag  Puncher 


*-/fi  VI I  re    -^ 


CorsetStay 

Or 

ClockSpmg 

2  g  Z  ong 

T 


110 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


LOW  FOLDING  TABLE 


This  table  is  convenient,  as  the  legs  can  be  folili'd  sa 
the  table  requires  little  space  tor  storing.  It  is  just  the 
proper  height  for  a  typewriter,  and  also  for  playing  games 
that  do  not   require   too  large  a   surface. 

The  top  may  be  made  of  one  piece  or  of  several  pieces 
glued  together.  In  the  latter  case  the  edges  should  be  well 
jointed:  Dowel  pins  may  be  used,  but  are  not  necessary,  as 
the  parts  D  act  as  cleats. 

Make  two  pieces  liiie  part  D  of  hard  wood.  Plane  the 
ooards  and  lay  out  the  design.  Bore  i/^-iuch  holes  as  inili- 
cated  on'  the  drawing  of  this  part  and  cut  to  line  with  a 
rip  saw. 

Fasten  these  pieces  to  the  top  with  screws.  The  end 
view  drawing  shows  the  method  of  boring  for  the  screws, 
using  a  V^"  bit  and  3-l(!"  drill.  The  screw  should  be  of  such 
gage  that  it  will  slip  through  the  3-16"  hole  easily. 

JIalve  parts  A,  C  and  C  next.  The  drawings  show  them 
square,    but    this    is    not    necessary.      Round    pieces    of    broom 


handle  might  be  used.  Cut  each  piece  to  the  proper  length 
and  with  a  saw,  knife  and  wood  rasp  work  the  ends  round 
to  a  diameter  of  %".  A  turning  lathe  or  dowel  cutter  may 
be  used  for  forming  the  ends  on  these  pieces. 

The  legs  should  be  made  of  oak  or  other  hard  wood.  They 
are  practically  the  same,  except  that  legs  N  have  one  end 
rounded  and  the  holes  for  the  spreaders  are  one  inch  farther 
apart. 

Fasten  the  legs  to  the  ends  of  A,  B  and  C  with  brads  or 
round-head  screws,  but  note  that  legs  M  are  not  fastened  to 
C.  If  you  n-.iUe  the  mistake  of  fastening  them  your  table  will 
not  fold. 

All  tenons  must  fit  the  holes.  If  they  are  too  small  the 
table  will   not  stand   rigidly  when  being  used. 

After  assembling,  sandpaper  well,  breaking  all  sharp 
edges.     Taint  bright  red  or  finish  otherwise. 


PLATE  54 


111 


Part  A 


Part  B 


3=1 


LOW  FOLDING  TABLE 

Leg  m      .-f^^ 


-^'H 


'4 

Part  C 


-^ 


t 


~ia 


1^  - 

4 


-21' 


-13 


-15^' 


H 16- 


3  C 


-IQ 


-^ 


112 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


LETTER  RACK 


This  k'tter  rack  will  he  found  very  handy  on  any  desk  or 
tabic.  It  need  not  necessarily  be  used  for  letters,  It  is  con- 
venient for  holding  post  cards  or  kodak  pictures. 

Begin  work  on  the  bottom  piece  first  because  if  yoti  make 
a  mistake  on  this  part  it  can  be  used  for  one  of  the  smaller 
pieces.  After  planing  to  size,  draw  center  line  and  locate 
screw  holes.  Lay  out  curves  at  corners  with  compass  and 
pare  to  line  with  a  chisel.  Bore  and  countersink  holes  foi- 
screws. 

Make  partition  next,  and  if  it  is  spoiled  it  may  be  used 
for  a  side  piece.  Note  that  only  two  corners  are  rounded  0:1 
all  parts  except  the  bottom  piece. 

Now  make  the  side  pieces  and  then  assemble  all  parts. 
Be  sure  to  bore  holes  for  the  screws,  otherwise  the  screws  will 
split  these  thin  pieces.  Round-head  screws  are  used  for  the 
side  pieces,  so  do  not  countersink  the  holes  for  them. 


To  locate  the  side  pieces  on  the  bottom  plei'e.  Draw  a 
line  bisecting  the  center  line  on  the  bottom  piece.  Draw 
center  lines  across  the  bottom  edges  of  the  side  pieces  and 
hold  the  parts  so  these  lines  meet.  With  a  marking  awl,  mark 
through  the  hole  in  the  side  piece  the  location  on  the  bottom 
piece   for   boring  for   the   screw. 

Remove  all  .screws  and  sandpaper  off  all  scratches  and 
pencil  mark.s.  To  obtain  a  good  job  of  sanding  put  a  few 
drops  of  oil  on   the  sandpaper. 

If  gum  wood  is  used  it  may  be  stained  and  given  a 
shellac  or  French  polish ;  or  the  piece  may  be  oiled,  with 
boiled  linseed  oil,  thinned  with  a  little  turpentine.  Give  two 
coats  of  oil,  allowing  each  to  dry  for  twenty-four  hours  before 
applying  the  next,  then  finish  with  wax  or  merely  by  rubbing 
to  a  polish. 


PLATE  55 


m 


J=T 


I — w 


-n 


LETTER  Rack 


"-U 


\^A 


■^l?       (: 


^'rio4  F/iSCRtVJ 

s 


g-  NO  4^RM  SCREM 


Sioe 


/' 

I 

1 

+ 

♦ 

1 

■f 

f  3" 

u- 

•*-; 

rt 

114 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJFXTS 


SILHOUETTE  CAMERA 


A  silhouette  is  an  outline  or  profile  filled  in  with  blacU. 
Some  persons  can  cut  profiles  of  people  or  objects  from  paper. 
This  work  is  very  amusing  and  interesting  but  requires 
patient  practice.  With  the  silhouette  camera  good  results  can 
be  produced   with  little  practice. 

Start  work  by  making  the  bottom  board,  according  to 
dimensions.     Make  the  Ijack  or  picture  plane  8"x8". 

The  pedestal  or  4"  piece  is  for  supporting  the  marking 
rod.  The  top  edge  of  the  pedestal  should  bo  chamfered  to 
allow  the  marking  rod  to  move  up  and  down  freely. 

Three  braces  are  needed  to  stiffen  the  picture  plane  and 
pedestal,  which  must  be  made  very  rigid  in  order  that  the 
device  will  work  ■well.  Fasten  the  parts  together  with  glue 
and  screws. 

The  marking  rod  can  be  made  from  a  round  or  square 
piece.  In  one  end  a  hole  is  drilled  about  2"  deep  for  a  piece 
of  wire.  The  size  of  the  hole  will  depend  on  the  size  of  wire 
used.  If  you  do  not  have  a  drill  the  size  you  want,  make  a 
drill  point  from  a  piece  of  the  wire.     In  the  other  end  of  the 


rod  drill  a  hole  to  fit  a  pencil,  which  must  not  stick  in  the 
hole,  nor  move  about,  but  must  be  a  sliding  fit.  A  spring  is 
to  be  inserted  in  the  hole  behind  the  pencil.  One  may  be  made 
by  winding  a  piece  of  spring  wire  around  a  peg  smaller  than 
the  hole.  As  the  distance  from  the  top  of  the  pedestal  to 
the  plane  varies  during  the  motion  of  the  rod  the  spring  is 
necessary  to  keep  the  pencil  point  continuously  against  the 
plane.  Fasten  the  rod  to  the  pedestal  as  indicated,  giving  It 
a  free  up,  down  and  sideway  motion. 

To  operate  fasten  a  sheet  of  paper  to  the  plane  with 
thumb  tacks,  clamp  or  hold  camera  firmly  to  the  table.  Seat 
person  in  chair  so  wire  can  be  passed  around  profile,  move 
wire  slowly,  touching  every  depression. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  outline  is  made  upside  dcrwn. 
Ri'move  paper  from  plane,  paste  a  piece  of  black  tissue  paper 
on  opposite  side  from  outline.  Cut  to  profile  line  with  scissors 
and  paste  on  a  piece  of  white  mount  eardlioard.  Kemoving  a 
section  of  black  paper  with  sharp  knife  gives  appearance  of 
a  collar. 


PLATE  56 


ii; 


S/lhouette:  Camera 


116 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


SEWING  COMPANION 


Any  mother  or  sister  will  appreciate  this  sewing  com 
panion.  It  is  a  great  convenience,  made  to  hold  a  thimble, 
several  spools  of  thread  and  a  few  needles  and  pins.  Use 
gum,  mahogany,  or  walnut. 

J-'or  the  Lottom  plane  up  a  piece  %"x3i/^"x7".  When 
planing,  marli  working  face  and  edge  and  make  all  layouts 
from  these  surfa''es.  Draw  the  center  lines,  locate  holes  for 
pegs  or  dowel  pins  and  bore  tliein  ;  also  a  3-lG"  hole  for  the 
screw  to  fasten  part  A.  Lay  out  the  depression  for  the 
needles  and  pins  and  work  out  with  a  gouge ;  finish  with 
sandpaper. 

Draw  the  curved  lines  for  cutting  the  ends  and  at  the 
same  time  the  H"  chamfer.  Saw  to  line  with  a  coping  saw, 
finish  with  a  spoke  shave  and  sandpaper.  Never  lay  out  a 
chamfer  or  bevel  with  anything  but  a  pencil.  Use  a  plane 
for  cutting  the  chamfer.  It  is  convenient  to  hold  the  work 
in  a  woodtn  hand  screw  while  removing  the  stock. 


:Make  block  A  to  hold  the  thimble.  A  peg  may  be 
mortised  into  the  bottom  on  which  to  hang  the  thimble  but 
the  block  is  more  convenient.  The  thimble  can  be  put  in  the 
hole  or  taken  out,  as  it  is  dropped  in  upside  down,  with  one 
hand  while  the  other  is  occupied  holding  other  work.  The 
sides  of  the  block  can  be  slanted,  forming  a  truncated  pyramid. 

Make  dowels  of  same  kind  of  wood.  First  plane  a  piece 
square,  then  plane  off  the  corners,  making  it  octagonal.  Con- 
tinue planing  corners  until  the  piece  is  round.  Bore  a  3-16" 
hole  in  a  piece  of  hard  wood,  if  you  have  not  a  dowel  plate 
with  a  hole  this  size,  and  drive  the  round  stick  through  it, 
smoothing  the  edges.  Cut  to  length  and  round  end  so  spool 
will  slip  on  easily. 

Sandpaper  all  parts  with  00  sandpaper  and  assemble. 
Put  a  drop  of  glue  on  the  end  of  each  peg.  If  any  glue  ruus 
over  on  the  bottom  piece  wipe  it  oflE  with  a  damp  cloth. 

Finish  by  rubbing  with  lioiled  linseed  oil,  or  stain,  shellac 
and  wax. 


PLATE  57 


m 


Sewing  Companion 


■^rM 


•>1, 


D£rAIL3   ,f  BLOCnA 


i 


T^ 


118 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


ORNAMENTAL  GARDEN  STICKS 


Tho  use  of  those  garden  sticks  will  add  a  loui-h  to  3'our 
I'.ower  box  or  to  your  flower  bed  in  the  jard  and  wiil  be  very 
interesting  to  you. 

No  difficulty  will  be  found  in  malving  them.  The  hardest 
part  is  in  getting  good  looliing  outlines  of  the  birds,  and  also 
to  get  tiieni  colored  attractively.  Th*  designs  submitted  here 
are  only  suggestive.    The  same  may  be  s;aid  of  th(?  colors. 

Choose  the  design  that  best  suits  you.  Select  the  wood 
from  which  the  stick  is  to  be  made  and  upon  it  lay  out  '/i-inch 
■  iiquares.  Through  these  squares  trace  the  outline  of  the  bird, 
being  careful  that  the  lines  pass  through  your  squares  in  the 
same  relative  position  that  they  pass  through  the  squares  of 
the  drawing. 

It  will  b}  well  to  bore  the  hole  for  the  suppt)rting  rod 
before   the   bird   is   cut   to   shape.      Be  very   careful    with   this 


latter  operation.  No  matter  how  carefully  you  have  traced 
your  outline,  if  the  cutting  is  not  done  with  equal  care,  the' 
result  of  your  efforts  will  not  be  satisfactory. 

Smooth  the  piece  with  sandpaper  and  fasten  tlie  upright 
in  place.  This  latter  is  to  be  of  a  length  suitable  for  the  place 
in  which  the  stick  is  to  be  used.  For  instance,  if  it  Is  to  be 
used  in  a  flower  box,  it  should  be  shorter  than  if  it  is  to  be 
used  In  the  flower  bed  in  the  garden. 

Paint  the  bird  just  as  well  as  you  can.  It  is  not  neces- 
sary to  use  the  colors  suggested.  If  you  have  (lifferent  or 
better  ideas,  put  them  into  effect. 

Remem\)er  that  you  can  spoil  a  good  job  of  consti-uc'tion 
worlt  by  a  poor  job  of  painting,  in  other  words,  there  is  no 
place  in  the  making  of  these  sticks  that  will  permit  of  care- 
less work. 


PLATE  58 


119 


ORNA 

^\  ^^       r 

MENTAL  Garden  sticks 

RaiNTINC  SuccasTioNS 

A  -  Black. 
3  -  Blue.. 
C  -  CRcaN. 
O  -  Red 
£  -  Yellow. 
Use  Slack  Fop  Stripinc 
Between  CoLons 

1IIP»^i't 

''i 

y 

Length 
To  Suit. 

-■^         :£■'  ^^ 

""    '="'  3  -    >^' 

S'^^-i        ":"  ""^^ 

^  --    ^.     -  ^ 

^ 

^     -c         ■^         a- 

"^  -^  ^ 

S                       S 

S^.^       _l!s^ 

^                    ^^ 

-      ^.. 

**'*'^"'''*i'"fc^'"'*^ 

■^  ^ 

'^^^'~      "*N'*r--r                 1 

"--■-.  1  1  JM~u)i  1  1  1  1  1  1  n  1  1  1            1 

i.j  -  _  -____- 

n                                                    ^  'l      ■■■■'      ^v 

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t-     v^ 

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120 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


MOUSE  TRAP 


This  slinpli'  trail  has  a  bottom,  two  sUlos  and  a  door, 
with  a  tin  can  fastened  to  the  l)ottoni  lietween  the  two  sides. 

The  door  Is  made  as  shown  in  the  drawing  and  hinged 
to  sides  by  two  9i"  brads.  The  door  stop  is  fastened  to  the 
door  1-16"  from  bottom,  with  1-inch  lirads  driven  through 
stop  and  door  and  clinched  on  inside  of  the  latter.  A  screw 
eye  is  screwed  into  one  end  of  the  door  stop,  another  al)out 
IV2"  from  the  back  of  one  side,  and  a  rubber  band  stretched 
between.  This  acts  as  a  spring  and  closes  the  door  when  the 
hooli  is  released  by  the  mouse  pulling  at  the  bait.  The  hook 
driven  in  the  top  of  the  door  is  made  as  follows :  Drive  a 
1%"  No.  18  brad  in  place,  cut  off  the  head  with  a  pair  of 
pUers  er  file,  and  with  the  pliers  bend  as  shown. 

The  information  for  niaking  bottom  and  sides  can  be 
easilj'  learned  from  the  dra\\'ing.     Assi'jnble  with  1-inch  brads. 

The  can  used  for  this  trap  was  a  baking  powder  can,  and 
to  fit  the  dimensions  given,  must  be  three  inches  io  diameter 


antl  five  Inches  deep.    If  you  wish  to  use  a  larger  can,  increase 
the  iliniensions  of  the  other  parts  of  the  trap  accordingly. 

Fasten  can  to  trap  by  brads  driven  through  floor  and 
can  stop,  through  th;*  can,  and  clinched  inside  the  can.  The 
can   stop   is  to  be  fastened  to  the  floor  with  %"  brads. 

The  bait  hook  is  made  of  heavy  wire,  foraied  as  shown. 
Use  pliers  to  hold  wire  while  bending.  Make  a  hole  in  the 
bottom  of  the  can  for  the  bait  hook  with  a  wire  nail  a  littli? 
larger  gage  than  the  wire.  The  door  can  be  made  to  close 
from  the  slightest  touch  on  the  bait  hook  if  the  book  driven 
into  the  top  of  the  door  is  adjusted  at  Just  the  right  angle. 
It  a  piece  of  tin  is  tacked  on  the  door  directly  in  front  of 
the  can  opening,  the  mouse  will  not  be  able  to  gnaw  his  way 
out  through  the  wood  door.  A  boy  who  understands  how  to 
wire  au  electric  bell  can  connect  one  to  the  trap  so  he  will 
be  notified  when  the  mouse  is  caught. 


PLATE  r.O 


121 


Trap  OfCtn 


VJiR£  Hook 

=1^ 


tl 


^n 


TinCan 


Mouse   trap 

5lD£ 


-    .-J?-- 


J 


Trap  Closed 


122 


HAND.  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


BOY*S  HANDY  WAGON 


lliis    proj'-'-l.       If 
wheels,    iKilstcrs 


;ina 


Any    goj(l    wood    may    bo    us;ed    fur 
have    a    choice,    use    hard    wood    for    the 
axles. 

Make  the  box  first.  Be  suie  to  get  all  your  corners 
square.  Asseniblt-  with  sixpenny  coinnion  nnlls.  JIark  center 
for  the  hole  to  be  bored  for  carriage  bolt,  but  leave  the  boring 
until  other  holes  of  same  size  are  to  1h'  I)ored. 

Next  get  out  the  bolsters  and  axles,  marldng  the  centers 
of  the  holes.  Part  C  will  require  careful  work  in  laying  out. 
Bore  hole  for  the  carriage  bolt  before  cutting  the  tongue 
groove. 

Make  the  tongue  next  and  mark  locations  for  holes  to  be 
bored.  The  next  step  can  well  be  the  boring  of  .the  various 
holes,  the  locations  for  which  you  have  already  made.  Holes 
that  go  clear  through  a  piece  should  be  laid  out  and  bored 
from  both  sides.  In  boring  for  screws,  remember  that  two 
sizes  should  be  made — one  for  shank  of  screw  and  the  other 
for  diameter  at  bottom  of  threads. 


The  hardest  part  of  the  construction  will  In-  Ibe  making 
nf  the  wheels.  If  you  have  access  to  a  turning  lathe,  the  work 
will  be  easy.  Wheels  formed  according  to  the  drawing  look 
better  than  those  with  flat  surfaces,  but  if  they  cannot  be 
made  that  way,  make  them  flat.  If  lathe  and  Itand  saw  are 
not  available,  lay  out  with  a  pair  of  sharp  dividers,  scoring 
deeply.  Saw  as  near  the  line  as  possible,  finishing  with  a 
rasp.  The  wheels  may  be  hollowed  ovit  with  a  gouge.  Just  a 
bit  of  patience  and  care  is  all  that  is  required.  When  all 
parts  are  made,  assemble  and  test  for  proper  fitting.  Take 
apart  and  sand  well.  The  painting  may  be  done  before  or 
after  the  parts  are  finally  put  together.  Sometimes  it  is  more 
convenient  to  paint  each  piece  separately. 

Give  considerable  thought  to  the  color  scheme  you  will 
use.  It  is  not  recommended  that  you  use  a  great  many  differ- 
ent colors,  but  your  cart  will  look  better  if  you  use  at  least 
two.  This  gives  a  nice  contrast.  No  color  scheme  is  sug- 
gested, as  tastes  vary  a  great  deal,  so  this  part  of  the  work 
is  left  to  each  individual  to  solve  to  his  own  satisfaction. 


PLATE  00 


123 


Boys  H/^ndy  W/jcon. 


M4QT£fHAL  -     ^NV  COOO     WOOO 


OoftE  Fan  ^ 

C^ftai^ce  Bolt 


'^-  -'j.?~- .„--,-  >  -■'■■' 


BoKe  ro-'  " 


124 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


TRAVELER'S  CASE 


The  luattTi-il  for  this  case  shoiiUl  be  a  very  ycuxl  quality 
of  wood.  .Walnut  Is  very  attractivo  and  is  recommended  for 
use  If  it  is  possii)le  for  you  to  secure  it.  The  application  of 
linseed  oil  and  later  a  thin  coat  of  shellac,  rubbed  down 
with  very  fine  sandpaper,  will  give  a  very  pleasing  finish. 

An  examination  of  thi-  dniwinj,'  will  shojiv  that  thi'  front 
part  of  the  box  is  not  parallel  with  the  back  part.  The  ends 
are  square  witli  the  bacli.  but  thi*  front  makes  a  small  angle 
with  them.  It  will  require  careful  work  to  get  good  joints, 
and  the  attractiveness  of  the  box  is  dependent  upon  the 
quality  of  your  work. 

From  the  drawing  it  will  lie  seen  that  the  bottom  is  \i" 
thick,  1%"  wide- at  one  end  and  1%"  wide  at  the  other,  and 
7"  long.  The  ends  are  square  with  the  back  edge.  Reduce 
this  piece  to  the  required  dimensions,  and  then  the  side  pieces, 
front  and  back.  It  will  be  well  to  fasten  these  pieces  tempo- 
rarily in  place  in  order  to  fit  the  end  pieces.  The  dimensions 
for   these    latter    pieces,    and    for    the    partition    A,    are    given 


slightly  oversize  in  order  that  you  may  have  a  small  margin 
for  fitting.  Fit  them  very  carefully,  remembering  the  caution 
given  above  regarding  the  attractiveness  of  the  box.  Part  C 
will  also  have  to  be  fitted  with  care,  and  to  assist  you,  the 
dimensions  shown  are  slightly  larger  on  one  side.  The  hole 
in  this  part  is  cut  on  a  slant  to  give  the  thimble  a  better 
support.  No  special  suggestions  are  needed  with  regard  to 
this  piece,  or  with  any  of  the  remaining  pieces  that  go  to 
make  up  the  case. 

Small  hinges  are  used  between  the  box  and  the  cover,  and 
as  the  material  is  so  thin,  a  hinge  should  be  selected  that  can 
be  fastened  in  the  manner  shown  on  the  drawing. 

A  piece  of  cardboard  covered  with  velvet  and  glued  to 
the  cover  provides  the  means  for  holding  the  scissors  and 
needles. 

The  thread  is  held  in  accordance  with  the  explanation 
given  in  the  note — the  small  spool  at  the  left  end  and  the 
others  placed  in  the  order  of  their  size.  ' 


™ 


PLATE  61 


125 


I-  Cut  To    Th/J  Dim^n3/on  For  D, 
Then  Pl/ine  Bevel  To  Fit 


Travelers  case. 


j —  cardboaro 
Covered  With 
I    VELVET  And 
'i)?  Clued  To 
Cover 


Cut  To 
These 
Dimensions 
For  -A  AND  0, 
Then  Plane 
Bevel   To  Fit 


-=^ 


5 POOLS  AfiE  Held   In 
Position  By  Means  Of 
A   Silk  Shoe  Strino 
Or  Ribbon    Threaded 
Throl/oh    Them  ,Ano    Thc 
HoL£s   In   The   Box.    The 
Cover    Is  Held    Closso 
By  TyiNo   £nos  Of 
Ribbon   Around  Boh 


3 

iToP  View  Shows  Cover 
Turned  Back 

Starting   At  Left   End  Of 


4  Drill  -IO  Holes 
Section  On  XV 


Cut  To  ThesE 
Dimensions  , 
Then  Plane 
To  Fit. 


Box,  Place   /OO,  SO,  60  and  50  Cottoiv^  And  50  Black ,  In  That   Order 


126 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


HALLOWE'EN  FUN  MAKERS 


Fij;ure  1  shows  a  spool  tick-tack,  ma;le  by  cuUiug  uotrh''s 
on  ends  of  a  spool.  Fasten  to  a  handle  about  two  feet  long. 
Tie  one  end  of  string  to  spool  and  wind  the  rest  around  it. 
Hold  handle  in  left  hand  and  end  of  string  in  right.  Press 
edges  of  spool  iigainst  window  pane  and  pull  string,  caiisini; 
spool  to   revolve,  thus  making  desired  disturbance. 

Another  type  is  shown  in  Figure  5.  It  is  fastened  to 
window  pane  by  wetting  and  pressing  against  it.  The  rubber 
tUsk  can  be  obtained  by  breaking  neck  of  old  style  pop  bottle 
and  slipping  it  oflF  the  closing  fixture.  Use  any  flat-head 
screw.  Fasten  to  window  pane,  then  jerk  knots  between  first 
finger  and  thumb  nail. 

Figures  3  and  4  are  lanterns,  made  of  paper  shoe  boxes 
and  tin  cans  or  paint  pails.  Paste  colored  paper  over  nose, 
mouth  and  eyes,  so  candle  cannot  be  seen.  Punch  holes  on 
back,  sides,  top  or  bottom,  otherwise  candle  wiil  soon  burn 
nut.  Figure  3  shows  a  method  of  keeping  cover  on  box  anrl 
also  how  to  make  an  eye  wink  by  making  a  shutter  from  card- 
board, a  njbber  band,  a  paper  fastener  v,ud  a  piece  of  string. 


For  Figure  (I  take  a  shingle  nail  and  drive  through  bottom 
of  can  at  center.  Tie  a  piece  of  string  three  feet  long  to  nail. 
Thread  other  en<i  through  hole  from  inside  of  can.  Tie  knots 
near  end  of  string  and  rub  rosin  into  it.  Hold  can  in  left 
hand  and  draw  knots  through  thumb  and  first  finger. 

Figure  7  is  the  snake  trick.  Use  an  old  stocking  stuffed 
with  grass,  and  a  piece  of  strong  twine.  Throw  over  limb  of 
a  tree  and  drop  from  above,  or  draw  across  sidewalk. 

Prepare  for  Figure  2  befor.*  dark.  Drive  a  nail  in  top 
of  window  frame.  Tie  a  piece  of  black  thread  to  nail,  ari<l 
a  button  on  thread  about  IS"  from  nail.  After  dark  climlt 
up  in  a  tree  with  thread  in  h^nd.  Let  button  swing  against 
window.  If  anyone  opens  window,  draw  button  iip  out  of 
sight.  The  horseshoe  nail  trick  is  worked  the  same  as  Figure 
G,  only  a  longer  and  stronger  cord  is  required.  The  end  of 
horseshoe  nail  is  slipped  under  the  edge  of  clapl)oard  on 
house,  and  if  plenty  of  rosin  is  rubbed  on  cord,  the  owner 
will    soon   think   every   board  Is   being  ripped   from   his   house. 


PLATE  fi- 


F,q  I 


Hallowe"£:n  Fun  Makers 


F,q  S 


Knots 

\ 


Stnng 


'N 


St  fin f-^  ^' 

Ro3irr»n<i  Knots 


Rubber  Bottle 

Stopptrf 

Rosm  ^  Knofs, 

■      \ 


Point  Po// 


fi3  4- 


128 


HAND  CRAFT  PROTECTS 


WIND  MILL  AND  ACROBAT 


A  common  tcn-cciit  storo  roping  sav/  ami  a  goovi  -sliarp 
Jacl!  knife  are  all  the  tools  rciiuircd  to  make  this  toy. 

Select  two  straight  srainod  pieces  for  the  blades.  Lay 
I'lit  with  a  pencil,  and  after  cutting  the  half  lap  joints,  form 
the  blades  to  shape  indicated.  Fasten  together  with  iirads, 
and  also  brad  a  block  on  the  back  of  mill  for  the  small  pulley. 
Drill  a  small  hole  at  center  of  mill  for  a  nail  or  a  screw. 
The  hole  should  be  large  enough  to  permit  the  mill  to  turn 
freely.  An  empty  buttonhole  twist  spool  may  be  used  for 
the  pulley,  or  it  can  be  made.  With  a  Jacli'knife  i-i,",iie  grooves 
for  the  lielt,  then  fasten  to  the  block.  Next  make  the  vane 
and   the  piece  that  holds  it.     Fasten  together  with  lirads. 

Make  the  parts  that  hold  the  pulley  shaft  in  place,  hut 
do  not  fasten  in  position  until  the  shaft  is  made  and  fitted  to 
them.  The  shaft  will  require  careful  and  accurate  work  with 
the  knife. 

Work  nut  larce  inilley  and  make  thi'  hole  in  it  such  a  size 
that   it  will    mak->   a   press  tit   on   the   shaft,      .\sscmble   parts 


just  made  and  fasten  in  iiIm'-c  so  [)ulieys  are  in  line;   that  is, 
one  exactly  above  the  other. 

Make  the  parts  for  the  man  next.  These  may  be  made 
from  cigar  bo.-;es  if  desired.  Lay  oH  squares  and  trace  in  the 
■  atterns.  Cut  to  shape  with  coping  saw  and  fasten  together 
with  wire  or  long  Iiank  pins.    The  parts  should  fit  loosely. 

After  assembling  all  parts,  mount  on  the  upright  piece  at 
the  point  of  balance.  A  rubber  liand  will  make  a  good  belt 
for  tile  pulleys,  as  thr-  rain  will  not  aiTect  it.  If  necessary  to 
use  cotton  string,  rub  beeswax  or  paraffine  on  it. 

All  the  bearings  should  1)0  well  oiled  to  i)ro(luce  good 
action  and  do  away  with  as  miu-h  friction  as  possiId(\  The 
parts  can  be  painted  to  suit,  but  be  careful  that  no  paint  gets 
lietwoen  any  of  the  moving  parts. 

Mount  windmill  on  the  peak  of  a  shed  or  top  of  any  post 
that  is  located  out  in  the  open  so  the  wind  can  get  a  good 
chance  to  turn  the  blades.  The  antics  will  be  highly  amusing 
to  your  friends  and  to  yourself. 


PLATE  63 


r-"j 


\NiND  Mill  And  Acrob/\t 


LL 

G\    .■     BO 

OV 

ARI^ 

r 

' 

^. 

F 

A 

\ 

*   f 

r* 

J 

\ 

Y 

(" 

il* 

i 

/ 

\ 

^    1 

1 

f 

^jn, 

/    \ 

'^ 

\    ' 

\      * 

', . 

\ 

1 

\^ 

V'- 

■t£ 

*«^ 

-■' 

V — 

5i 

— 

•\ 

Pulley  Shaft 


Blade 


h'. 


Small  Pulley_ 

'Hi- 


130 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


PIN  AND  BALL  GAME 


Use  any  wood  you  have  at  your  disposal,  hut  get  as 
straight  grained  wood  for  the  uprights  as  you  can. 

Make  the  base  first.  The  mortises  should  be  laid  out  and 
cut  from  both  sides  of  the  piece.  Unless  this  method  Is  fol- 
lowed  the   mortises  will   not   l)e  straight   through. 

Parts  B  are  not  hard  to  make.  The  tenons  cut  on  these 
pieces  are  to  fit  the  mortises  in  A,  so  lay  out  and  cut  them 
accordingly. 

Part  C  is  always  easy  to  make.  In  laying  out  all  these 
pieces  thus  far,  remember  that  they  should  be  laid  out  accord- 
ing to  the  way  the  dimensions  read  on  the  drawing;  ihat  Is, 
from   the  center  of  the  piece. 

The  hardest  part  of  the  t-onstruction  will  be  the  making 
of  the  pin.  If  you  have  a  turning  lathe,  the  job  will  be  very 
easy,  but  as  most  boys  do  not  have  one  available,  it  will  have 
to  be  fashioned  by  other  means.  It  will  not  be  difficult  to 
plane    a    piece    to    lYj    Inches    in    diameter.      On    u    piece    the 


required  length,  describe  two  IMs"  circles,  one  on  each  end. 
Also  on  one  end,  with  same  center,  describe  a  circle  1  inch 
in  diameter.  Plane  off  the  stock  until  .you  have  a  cylinder 
1%  Inches  diameter.  From  this  step  it  will  be  necessary  to 
work  with  a  good  sharp  knife.  Good  work  cau  be  accom- 
plished by  combining  a  little  patience  and  care. 

Sand  well  and  assemble.  Place  uprights  In  mortises  anil 
fasten  C  to  the  tops  by  means  of  l>rads.  The  piece  may  be 
stained   or  painted  as  desired. 

The  ball  to  be  used  may  be  a  rubber  or  a  wooden  one. 
Insert  a  screw  eye  as  shown,  and  adjust  string  to  such  a 
length  that  the  ball  will  strike  the  round  top  of  the  pin 
about  in  the  center. 

It  will  very  likely  seem  easy  to  knock  the  pin  over  with 
the  ball,  and  no  doul)t  it  would  be  easy  if  the  aim  was  to 
knock  it  over  on  the  forward  swing.  But  that  is  not  the  Idea. 
The  ball  Is  to  be  drawn  toward  yi>u,  then  released  so  the  pin 
is  knocked  down  on  the  return  swing.     Try  It. 


PLATE  64 


131 


^      M/3TCM 


But  Without  Pin  tr~j  PL^ace 


L     *     O    • 

55 


S 


■  3  TRINO 


.^ 


Pin  xn^D  Bajll  Gajme. 

(/})  t1/^nl  Out 


(S)  MftKt     Two 


-n- 


"n> 


~'ii 


■n 


— \i\- 


^ 


7b  OPCfvoTt  -  pL^ct.  Pin 

fX/OCTLY    O^    PnQ/NTeO 

dacLt    Pull  Bo^u.  fof*- 
\WiRO    ^/vD  RELt^St 

So  ir  5  rmtHC  s   f^^ 
Qv  Return  Sw/mq 


:iij 


Af/g  T£ftl^L  — 
>7/VK  Coco    V^/OQO 


».>■. 


H'^^ 


tf^..-:r 


-lyt  'szi^ 


flAKt  OK 


!33 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


SAIL  BOAT 


The  making  of  this  iiioilol  will  rcquiro  thir  exercise  of 
somo  Inilividual  tliouglit  on  tlic  ii;irt  uf  the  niaki  i-.  The  gen- 
eral (liincnsiiins  are  very  ilearly  shown,  but  the  shaping  of 
the  hull  will  require  thi'  expression  of  inilividual   thought. 

The  making  of  the  hull  shouM  n-ceive  attention  first. 
Selei-t  a  light  wood,  as  strai.!;ht  grained  as  possible  to  permit 
of  ease  in  forming  to  shape.  A  solid  piece  may  Iic'used,  but 
if  this  is  not  available,  the  hull  may  be  built  up  of  several 
pieces  as  shown  in  the  drawing.  Get  out  the  stock  to  the 
overall  dimensions,  then  lay  out  the  shape.  The  part  to  be 
removed  in  the  center  is  shown  by  the  dotted  lines  in  the 
front  and  end  views.  The  section  view  will  alsb  assist  in 
understanding  the  shape  desired.  The  removal  of  this  stock 
will  be  of  material  service  in  lightening  the  boat.  The  Ulimen- 
sions  for  the  outline  of  the  hull  will  be  found  in  the  view 
immediately  above  the  front  view.  This  gives  the  dimensions 
for  the  shape  crosswise  of  the  hull.  The  other  necessary 
dimensions  will  be  found  in  the  other  views.    When  your  hull 


is    shaped    to    .vtuir    satisfaction, 
tain  rod. 


bore    the    bcrle    lor    the 


Parts  B,  I'",  (i  and  II  should  be  given  carel'iil  atleiitioo. 
They  should  be  made  Just  as  round  as  it  is  possible  to  make 
them.  Do  not  slight  these  parts.  Part  D  will  be  found  more 
diflicult  than  those  just  mentioned  and  will  require  the  skillful 
use  of  a  sharp  knife.  Part  C  is  made  from  wire,  carefully 
twisted,  as  shown  in  the  detail  drawing.  The  rudder  post 
should  be  made  so  it  will  lit  the  hollow  curtain  pole,  but 
loosely  enough  to  permit  it  to  turn.  The  method  of  holding 
G  and  II  together  is  shown  right  near  the  assembly  of  these 
parts,^ — by  means  of  a  piece  of  wire  twisted  lo  the  shape  of 
a   figure  eight. 

The  assembling  of  the  parts  can  be  easily  understood 
from  the  drawing.  To  preserve  the  boat,  and  also  to  add  to 
its  attractiveness,  it  should  be  well  painted.  The  color  scheme 
is  to  be  left  to  the  personal  taste  of  the  one  who  makes 
the  boat. 


PLATK  65 


134 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


CHAIR  LAMP 


This  is  an  exceedingly  fine  piece  to  add  to  the  home. 
The  comfort  derived  from  its  u.?e  will  amply  repay  one  for 
the  time  spent  in  its  construction. 

First,  make  the  upright.  Select  two  pieces  of  wood  of 
required  thickness,  get  tint;  out  the  width  to  about  Vo-inch 
more  than  finished  size.  Smooth  one  broad  surface  and 
square  one  edge  only  on  each  piece.  If  you  have  a  combina- 
tion plane,  the  grooves  in  the  center  can  be  easily  made,  but 
as  you  will  not  likely  have  this  tool  at  hand,  another  method 
will  have  to  W  used.  From  the  edges  just  squared  up,  gage 
lines  on  the  smooth  surface  the  required  distance  from  edge, 
so  the  ^^roove  will  I  e  in  the  center  when  finished.  Gage 
deeply  as  possible.  Chisel  out  the  groove  to  required  depth — 
3-lGth-inch  in  each  pip<'e.  Next  slightly  roughen  the  edges 
that  are  to  join.  When  ready,  apply  glut*,  clamp  together  and 
set  away  to  dry. 

While  waiting  for  the  upright,  make  a  pattern  for  the 
supports.      Lny    out    on    wood    selected    for   them    and    with    a 


turning  saw  cut  them  to  shape.  It  will  be  well,  however,  lu 
locate  and  bore  holes  for'  the  dowels  before  the  cutting  to 
shape  is  done.  This  will  give  good,  sharp  edges  oli  tin- 
slanting  edge. 

Next  make  the  cap,  then  take  up  unfinished  work  on  up 
right.  First  square  up  to  largest  dimensions  and  then  lay 
out  and  plane  taper.  Lay  out  and  bore  holes  for  dowels. 
After  this,  assemble  the  parts  and  make  any  necessary  adjust- 
ments at  this  time.  When  done  to  your  satisfLutiiiu,  sand  all 
pieces  very  carefully. 

If  oak  Is  used,  or  any  other  wood  that  will  take  a  stain 
satisfactorily,  select  stain  you  wish  and  apply  It,  finishing 
with  a  thin  coat  of  shellac  and  wax.  If  soft  wood  Is  used, 
thn  lamp  may  be  painted. 

The  electrical  fixtures  can  be  secured  from  any  electrical 
supply  store. 


PLATE  fir. 


135 


Chair  Lamp. 


staff  -  maKc  one 


Sup  par  i- 
HaHe  four 


^ 


Cap. 

f^ake  one    " 


^ 


a 

Bore 

.   to  fit 
pipe 


'     -i 


136 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


LEG  REST 


Two  typi'S  of  joints  arc  usoil  in  tlic  i-onstriK-tiuu  of  this 
leg  rest.  Both  ni'ed  careful  work  in  layiug  out  anil  cutting. 
The  one  on  part  A  is  called  a  keyed  mortise  and  tenon,  while 
the  one  at  thi'  top  of  part  I>  is  called  a  housed  or  dodo  joint. 

Make  out  your  lumber  liill  and  proceed  to  get  out  yuuj- 
stock  to  required  dimensions.  Parts  13  and  (.'  can  he  reduced 
to  size  at  once.  Part  A  should  be  an  inch  or  more  longer 
than  the  finished  piece,  (iet  out  part  D  to  length  and  to 
the  greater  width,  leaving  the  taper  tj  be  planed  later. 

Use  a  knife  and  gage  in  laying  out  the  various  joints — 
the  knife  across  grain  and  the  gage  with  grain.  Lay  out  the 
mortises  first  in  part  D  into  which  the  tenons  on  part  A  fit. 
At  the  same  time  lay  out  the  groove  for  the  end  of  \.  Cut 
first  the  mortises  that  go  clear  through  parts  D,  then  cut 
groove  for  the  housed  joint.  Mortises  that  go  clear  through 
a  piece  should  be  laid  out  on  both  sides,  to  insure  the  cutting 
being  straight.  Next  lay  out  and  cut  the  groove  at  top  of  D 
for  the  ends  of  B. 


r.c  careful  in  layiug  out  the  tenon  and  the  small  mortise 
ill  the  ends  of  A.  Remembering  that  the  stock  is  lougi-r  tlian 
the  finished  size,  all  work  should  be  iaitl  out  from  the  center 
of  the  piece  lengthwise.  After  cutting  is  done  and  the  fit 
satisfactory,  the  excess  stock  may  be  removed,  it  being  left 
on  to  prevent  .splittinj;  o;'  wood  when  fitting  joint.  ENamine 
carefully  details  relating  to  joint  at  Y.  No  trouble  should  be 
experienced  with  this  if  drawing  of  parts  is  carefully  studied. 

When  all  parts  have  been  cut  to  size,  test  by  fitting  them 
together.  When  satisfied  with  them,  take  apart,  lay  out  ami 
cut  the  taper  on  parts  D.  Next  lay  out  and  cut  the  chamfers 
which  extend  entirely  around  outside  edges  only.  Sand- 
paper well. 

If  oak  is  used,  apply  stain  and  finish  with  a  thin  coat  of 
shellac  and  then  wax.  S-'hould  you  be  fortunate  enough  to 
have  walnut  to  make  the  piece  from,  apply  boiled  linseed  oil 
thinned  slightly  with  turpentine,  which  will  make  it  penetrate 
better.  When  dry,  apply  a,  thin  coat  of  shellac.  Sandpaper 
slightly  and  wax. 


I'LATE  1,7 


137 


.  L 


jL 


Leg  Rest 


(9 


DGtail 
CQ         of  Aey 


B 


o 


A 


JIfl 


fe^t 


-so. 


\I 


4 


"^l^ 


3C 


\^ 


/A  ' 


/fey 


1 


T 


-aa- 


Dctail  of  mortise 
and  tenon   at   A. 


138 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


BULL  DOG 


A  coping  saw  or  a  turning  saw  will  be  nordi'il  for  tlii> 
work.  A  power  band  saw  would  permit  of  the  work  being 
done  more  easily,  but  most  boys  have  not  this  tool  availabii'. 

It  will  first  be  necessary  to  lay  out  patterns  for  different 
parts.  This  is  don>'  liy  means  of  the  Vi-inoh  squares  as  shown. 
Make  your  patterns  with  care,  for  successful  work  will  depend 
upon  h'jw  well  the  parts  are  shaped.  Be  sure  to  locate  on 
patterns  points  at  which  holes  for  screws  are  to  he  liored  and 
transfer  these  accurately  to  the  stock  itself.  In  this  way  it 
will  be  possible  to  have  the  locations  of  the  various  holes 
made  unitormly  so  that  when  the  legs  and  ears  are  fastened 
in  place,  they  will  work  correctly. 

When  your  patterns  are  laid  out  to  your  satisfaction, 
transfer  them  to  stock  from  which  parts  are  to  be  made.  Ne.xt 
cut  to  shape,  being  careful  to  follow  lines  of  pattern. 

Round-head  screws  are  to  be  used  for  fastening  legs  and 
ears  to  body.  Select  size  you  will  use  and  then  bore  holes  of 
proper  size  for  them.  A  double  end  or  dowel  screw  is  used 
lo  fasten  heed   and  collar  to  body.      Ordinary   screws  may  be 


uscil,  but  it  will  be  found  much  more  convenient  to  use 
double  end  kind.  This  is  first  tnrne<l  into  place  in  body,  then 
<<»Ilar  is  slipped  over  it  and  fastened  with  a  couple  of  brads 
to  keep  it  from  turning,  then  head  is  turned  on  end  of  screw 
that  projects  from  body. 

Washers  should  be  used  between  legs  and  body,  also  be- 
tween ears  and  body.  It  will  be  well  to  have  washers  between 
head  of  the  .screw  and  legs  and  ears.  When  all  parts  are 
ready,  assemble  and  test.  If  everything  is  all  right,  measure 
distance  between  legs.  Lay  out  grooves  on  cart  according 
to  this  measurement. 

Next  make  cart,  laying  out  grooves  as  above  stated.  The 
fit  of  legs  in  grooves  should  be  snug  enough  to  hold  dog  in 
position.  Wheels  should  be  carefully  laid  out  and  cut,  as  it 
is  Important  that  they  be  perfectly  round.  If  desired,  large 
wooden  button  forms  may  be  bought  at  a  department  store 
and  used  for  wheels.  When  all  parts  are  well  sanded,  painting 
is  next  in  order.  Take  dog  and  cart  apart  for  this  operation. 
L'se  scheme  suggested  on  drawing. 


PLATE  6S 


130 


r^Af^E  One 


Bull  Dog 


Make  Two 


Fa^teaj  Collar  A/^d   Head 

To  BoDf  Wi'TH  Double  q 

End  Schew 


—  Paint  — 
Dog-White,  ^pot  Olack 
Caat  ■  Red. 

tiAH£  GfioovMS  To  Fit  CortPttTeo  Do& 
* ^ 


sA/ASHEfi         I'-RJ-I.  Screw  I^Qta 


140  HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 

CHRISTMAS  TREE  STAND 

The  Christmas  tree  stand   is  to   be  painted   either   red   or  The  parts  can   be  fast,*ned  together  with  screws  or  nails, 

green,   and   so  anj'   scraps  of  wood   may   be  used — even   pieces  as  yon  wish. 

with  linots,  as  tlie  paint  will  cover  them.  .             ■         ,                ^  „ 

I'lane  a  piece  long  enough  to  make  all  four  feet,  part  B, 

One  edge  and  the  end  that  Joins  the  other  part  imist  1)h  and   then   cut   to  length.     The  feet  are  fastened   to   the  other 

absolutely  square  to  produce  a  good  job.  parts   with   bi'ads. 

Plane  up  all  tour  pieces  to  size,  and  then  cut  the  corners  If  the  tree  is  too  large  In  til   hole,  cut  so  it  will  fit,  ami 

according  to  the  drawing.  if  too  small  make  wedges  to  fit  corners. 


PLATE  69 


141 


Christm/is  Tree  St/^nd 


-10 


i<V 


5 


-10 


3 
4 


i=h 


J 


PfiRT    B 


142 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


BABY  AUTO  CAR 


This  car  was  designed  for  a  small  child,  especially  one 
who  is  not  old  enough  to  guide  the  ordinary  three-wheeled 
oar  without  tipping  it  over.  Steering  handle  of  car  only 
allows  frout  wheels  to  turn  a  certain  distance,  because  then 
it  strikes  the  side  of  hood,  and  in  this  position  the  car  can- 
n*t  turn  over. 

When  being  pushed  about  the  living  rooms  it  cannot  mar 
the  furniture.  The  child's  legs  protect  any  object  the  side  of 
the  car  is  likely  to  touch,  the  bumper  covered  with  a  rubber 
hose  protects  objects  that  the  front  might  come  in  contact 
with,  and  the  front  wheels  are  set  back  of  bumper. 

A  young  child  soon  gets  tired  propelling  a  car  and  by 
slipping  in  place  the  handle  fastened  with  a  stove  bolt,  the 
attendant  can  pull  the  oar  as  she  would  any  cart.  As  the 
child  grows,  the  car  can  be  raised  by  substituting  larger 
wheels. 


Soft  wood  may  be  imeri  for  all  parts,  but  it  is  suggested 
that  axles  and  wheels  be  made  of' hardwood. 

Hole  for  steering  gear  can  be  bored  with  an  expansive  bit 

or   cut   with    a    key-hole   saw.      Fasten    together   parts    of   the 
steering  gear  and  steering  handle  with  scre\ys. 

Fasten  wheels  to  axles  with  i^-itnt-h  lag  screws.  Placf 
a  washer  between  head  of  screw  and  wheel,  also  between 
wheel  and  axle. 

The  36-inch  handl-  is  fastened  to  front  axle  with  common 
iron  angfle  irons. 

Paint  seat  and  wheels  red,  hood  black  and  stripe  wheels 
and  hood  with  yellow.  Other  combinations  of  colors  may  be 
used. 


PLATE  70 


m:i 


Baby    Au  to   Car 


^^\y^^^'^ 


Pattbrn  of  Hoop  ,  \_ 4-  ^        Front   Axle 


(D 


0*4- 


Dish 


^  '  -'"    -(hi-' 


Stecrinq  Part 


^V^.'i  1^- 


H'4i^    ..  I 


S^  Axle 


[7?0 

(?) 

Braces 


144 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


FLY  TRAP 


For  the  fly  trap,  first  make  corner  popts  wliirh  are  LI 
inches  long.  Next  make  the  bottom  board,  cut  out  center  and 
also  cornere  for  posts.  Now  make  the  four  top  rails  to  bn 
nailed  to  the  upper  ends  of  posts. 

Lay  out  on  paper  the  cone  pattern  and  cut.  Place  pat- 
tern on  wire  cloth  and  cut  cloth.  Lace  edges  of  wire  cloth 
together  with  a  piece  of  wire  drawn  from  wire  cloth,  form- 
ing cone. 

Fasten  wire  cone  to  bottom  board  with  tacks.  Use  a 
two  or  three-ounce  tack.  Nail  bottom  board  in  place  and  then 
the  top   rails. 


f'nver  trap  with  win-  »  lotli,  jr)iTiing  the  ends  on  one 
corner  post. 

Make  the  top  board.  This  piece  must  be  fastened  so  it 
can  easily  be  removed  to  empty  the  dead  flies. 

Set  trap  where  flies  are  noticeable,  placing  a  saucer  of 
sua;ar  and  water  or  other  material  attractive  to  flies  under 
opening  in  the  bottom  board.  The  flies  will  crawl  under  trap 
to  feed,  and  after  feeding  will  fly  up  on  cone  instead  of  going 
out  as  they  came.  They  will  walk  up  to  the  small  opening 
ill  point  of  rone  and  throuiih  it  into  the  trap.  Not  Iteing  able 
to  find  the  opening  through  which  they  came,  they  are  caught 
for  your  disposal. 


PLATE  71 


145 


Fly  Trap 


Bottom  Bo/iRD 


146 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


PLANT  BOX 


Plant  boxes  are  subjected  to  the  action  of  much  moisture, 
and  for  this  reason  a  material  should  be  chosen  that  will 
resist  this  action  as  much  as  possible.  Cypress  more  than 
any  other  wood  will  fulfill  this  requirement,  and  if  it  is  pos- 
sible to  secure  it,  should  be  used. 

No  great  difficulty  will  be  encountered  In  making  this  box. 
The  making  of  two  slots  in  the  ends  for  hand-holds  will  be 
best  accomplished  by  first  boring  holes  of  the  right  size  for 
the  ends  of  slots  and  removing  remainder  of  material  with  a 
chisel. 

Holes  should  be  bored  in  the  bottom  to  provide  a  means 
for  the  surplus  water  to  escape  when  contents  of  the  box  are 
watered. 


Assembling  should  be  very  carefully  done.  It  is  recom- 
mended that  screws  be  used  for  fastening  all  parts  together — 
llat-head  screws  for  bottom  and  round-head  screws  for  sides. 
Notice  direction  of  rings  of  growth  in  side,  pieces  and  fasten 
them  to  end  supports  so  the  crown  of  the  board,  which  will 
result  when  it  warps,  will  be  out.  If  it  is  placed  so  the 
crown  is  in.  the  warping  of  pieces  will  cause  top  and  bottom 
edges  to  curl  outward,  destroying  the  neat  appearance  of 
the  box. 

Boxes  should  be  painted  first,  as  a  matter  of  appearance 
and  second,  to  aid  in  resisting  the  action  of  the  weather,  i 
(lark  shade  of  green  paint  will  give  excellent  results. 


PLATE  72 


MT 


148 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJFXTS 


SUBMARINE 


For  the  submarine  select  a  soft  piece  of  pine  wood.  With 
a  good  sharp  knife  whittle  parts  F  and  G  from  a  piece  aljout 
10  inches  lon^.  They  can  I)c  sawed  to  proper  length  after 
they  have  been  formed,  and  by  cutting  them  from  a  long 
piece  enough  stock  is  availalile  for  holding  while  whittling. 

Bore  hole  through  part  F  for  wire.  Now  cut  part  A 
from  any  tin  can.  bend  and  tadi  to  parts  just  made.  Maite 
ports  C  and  D  of  wood  and  fasten  with  tacks  to  A. 

Drive  brad  as  indicated  by  dotted  lines  in  part  G  and 
bend  head,  making  hook  for  rubber  band.  Bend  wire  and 
place  in  part  F,  after  which  propeller  is  soldered  to  it.     Do 


not  forget  to  place  glass  bead  between  propeller  and  part 
F  before  soldering  propeller  to  wire.  Hook  a  rubber  band  to 
end  of  wire  and  also  to  l)rad  bent  for  this  purpose. 

Make  keel,  part  B.  and  tac'k  in  place.     Also  rudder  E. 

Paint  niod<'l  to  keep  tin  from  rusting  and  wood  from 
soaking  water.    ' 

To  operate  submarine  hold  in  hand  and  wind  propeller 
by  handle.  When  rubber  band  is  wound  tight,  and  rudder 
is  s<'t,  place  in  water,  and  it  w'ili  dive.  The  angle  will  depend 
on  the  angle  at  which  rudder  is  bent. 


PLATE  ri! 


149 


Submarine 


Rudder  E 


hi)  I 


Propeller 


PartF 


^^SA 


>SH) 


Wood 


/r^/.  a 


D-25 


Pefiscepe 
L  i'j  Woorf 


T 


.^     ^la^^o    ---i  N 


^  z 


%  e-<o^-^v>'a^'^^^'<M£!'^*  «&•«»> -1 


'  laf^e  Rub^ef  Bond 


Solder  Vlire  To  Propeller 


P/^ar  A 

Tjn 

L y-^ . 

1 


VJqpd 


150 


HAND  CRAFT   PROJECTS 


PHONOGRAPH  DANCER 


The  phonograph  Uanocr  Is  not  hard  to  make  although  it 
must  bo  construotf'd  accurately  to  work  well. 

First  make  Ijoard  to  which  blocks  are  fastened;  it  may 
be  made  of  cigar  box  lumber.  Next  make  blocks  and  fasten 
In  place  with  cigar  box  nails.    The  blocks  are  lettered  D  and  E. 

Now  bore  a  hole  through  either  a  square  or  round   piece 

C  to  fit  a  meat  skewer,  which  usually  comes  with  a  roast  and 

is  the  shape  and   size  of  a   slate  pencil.     Bore  a  hole  in   the 
bottom  board  to  receive  C  and  glue  it  in  place. 

Make  part  A.  cutting  with  a  jack  knife.     Bore  a   hole  at 
-center,  that  tits  the  spindle  that  holds  the  phonograph  record. 


The   spindle   must   lit   hole   tightly.      ^lake  peg   V.   and    glue   in 
the  bottom  board.     It  must  fit  in  A  loosely. 

Cut  a  clothes  pin  for  body  of  the  man  as  shown  In  the 
drawing,  and  l>ore  a  hole  in  which  to  glue  the  skewer  stick. 
Make  arms  and  legs  of  cardtioard  and  fasten  to  body  ^\ith 
cigar  box  nails. 

Pa;nt  all  parts  with  water  colors.  A  poor  job  of  painting 
may  spoil  the  appearance  of  the  dancer. 

To  operate,  place  record  on  spiuiUc.  Place  part  A  on 
spindle  and  pi'g  B  in  hole  with  D  resting  on  box  outside  of 
revolving  record.  Now  drop  end  of  skewer  in  C  and  as  the 
point  runs  up  and  down  in  cuts  made  in  A  the  man  will  danco 
and  cut  all  kinds   jf  funny  capers. 


PLATE  74 


ISJ 


152 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


TELEPHONE  SCREEN 


An  article  of  this  kind  should  he  rather  delkato  lu  appear 
ance,  and  for  this  reason  the  stock  used  is  but  %-lnch  thick. 
This  Is  thin  enough  to  look  well,  and  yet  will  permit  of  sul) 
stantlal  construction. 

The  kind  of  material  to  be  used  will  depend  upon  thi' 
hnlsh  jou  wish  to  give  it.  Staining  and  painting  are  both 
attractive.  If  it  is  to  be  stained,  a  wood  having  an  interest 
ing  grain  should  be  used.  If  painting  is  to  be  the  finishing 
method,  a  wood  with  little  or  no  grain  may  I)e  used. 

Get  out  all  the  pieces  to  the  greatest  dimensions  Indi- 
cated. Pieces  that  have  edges  that  are  not  parallel  to  each 
other  should  lie  cut  to  shape  after  assembling  is  done.  All 
Joints  are  to  be  half  lap.  These  are  not  difficult  to  make  and 
good  results  should  be  attained.  Lay  out  and  cut  them  very 
accurately.  W'h'^n  you  think  the  work  is  sati.sfactorily  done, 
put  parts  together,  and  cut  out  inside  corners  to  fit  pamus  to 
be  used.  No  dimension  is  shown  for  this,  as  depth  of  cut  will 
depend  upon  kind  of  panel  usid.     For  instance,   if  cardboard 


covered  with  silk  is  used,  depth  will  likely  be  less  than  an 
eighth  of  an  inch.  Decide  upon  what  material  you  wish  to 
use,  and   then   cut  the  groove  accordingly. 

When  all  parts  fit  well,  sand  and  glue  together.  The  stock 
is  so  thin  that  brads  cau  hardly  l>e  used,  so  pieces  will  have 
to  he  clamped  together  until  dry.  When  glue  has  set,  the- 
two  side  pieces  should  be  cut  to  match  slant  at  top  of  main 
section.  Sand  any  rough  places  and  then  fit  the  hinges. 
Staining  can  be  done  w"ith  the  hinges  in  place,  or  they  may 
be  removed. 

Finishing  should  be  such  as  to  match  the  material  used 
for  the  panels.  Staining  or  painting  is  satisfactory.  The 
screen  from  which  this  drawing  was  made  hail  a  panel  of  silk 
with  a  .lapanese  effect.  There  were  Ifiack  spots  in  design,  body 
lieing  yellow.  Black  enamel  was  used  on  frame  and  inside  of 
hand-hold  at  top  was  painted  yellow.  The  effect  was  very 
pleasing.     A  little  study  will  bring  out  many  possibilities. 


PLATE  75 


153 


Section  Throuoh  AB 


Telephone,  screen. 


Paint 
Or  3t/>in 
Frame  To 
Suit  Kind 
Of  Wood 
And  P^ncl 
Useo 

P-ANELS  M ay- 
Be  Cardboard    Cove  red    With 
Fabric, Or  Thin   Wood 


Hake  Depth 
Suitable  To 
A  Panel  Used 


This  ScREtN 
■SiiirAOL£   To 
MANf  Othkr 
Uaes  . 


y^LL  Joints  Half  Lap 


£3      SeCTloi^   TJ-iRouoH    CD 


INDEX 


Aeroplaue  Weathervuue,   64,  65. 

Baby  Auto  Car,  142,  143. 

Baby's  Rocking  Horse,  70,  71. 

Bag  runclier,  lOS,  109. 

Bath  Kooni  Cup  Holder,  4«,  47. 

Bits  and  Drilis,  21,  22. 

Bob  Sled,  SO,  SI. 

Boy's  Handy  Wagon,  122,  123. 

Boy   Scout's  Heliograph  Outfit,  04,  95. 

Brads,  Screws  and  Fastenings.  23,  24. 

Bull  Dog.  138.  139. 

Chair  Lamp,  134,  133. 
Child's  Morris  Chair.  40,  41. 
Child's  Snow  Shovel,  98,  99. 
Christmas  Tree  Stand,  140,  141. 
Combination  Bench  Hook,  30,  37. 
Common  Joints,  10,  13. 
Commonly  Used  Hardware.  15-20. 
Construction  Problems.  10.  12. 
Crumb  Tray,  84,  85. 
Cutting  Board,  42,  43. 

Feeding  Bird,  54,  55. 
Finish,  25. 
Fly  Trap,  144,  145. 
Flying  Propeller,  56,  57. 

Ground  Scratcher.  9(j,  97. 


Hallowe'en  Fun  Makers,  120,  127. 
High  Speed  Drill,  S2.  S3. 
Hula  Dancers,  71,  75. 

Jack  Be   Nimble,  92,  93. 
.Tumping  .Tack,  72,  73. 

Kites,  100,  1(11. 

Laying-Oul   Tools,  26.  27. 
Leg  Kest,  130,  l.'i7. 
Letter  Hack,  112,  113. 
Low  Folding  Table.  110,  111. 
Lumber,  S. 

Mechanical  Duck,  76,  77. 
Mouse  Trap,  120,  121. 

Ornamental  Garden   Sticks.  118.   119. 

Personal  Equipment.  8,  9. 
Phonograph  Dancer,  150,   151. 
Pin  and  Ball  Game,  130,  1.31. 
Planes,  28,  .31. 

Planing  and  Scoring  llnles,  30,  33. 
Plant  Box,  140,  147. 
Potato  Gun,  5S,  59. 
Puzzles,  102,  103. 

Ued   Cross  Amtiulaiue.  6.8,  69. 

Sail  Boat.  132.  1.'53. 
Sandpai)er  and   Finish,  25. 
Saws,  28.  29. 


Scoring  Uulea,  32. 

Scout  Flrenmktng  Set,  iS.  71). 

Sewing  Companion.  110.  117. 

Shop  Kinks  and   Informallou,  l.*> 

Shop  Notes  iinil  Kll(|U<'tte,  7. 

Silhouette  Camorn,  111.  ll.'i. 

Simple  and   Sonlcinlilc  King  Uuldcr, 

88,  S7. 
Skate  Sharpener,  4s.  i<j. 
Small  Carl.  00,  07. 
Standanls  ami  ronviMillonii.  10.  II. 
Steam  Engine.  50.  .11. 
Straddle  Ilorse.  106,  107 
Subnnirlne.  148.  vp.i 

Target  Pistol,  90.  91. 

Telephone  Screen.  152,  153. 

Thanksgiving  C... I. bier,  62,  03. 

Tools,  H,  10. 

Toy  Cannon,  44.  4.5. 

Toy  Elephant.  52.  53. 

Toy  Pig,  38,  39. 

Toy  Rabbit,  88.  SO. 

Traveler's  Case.  124,  125. 

Trench  Mortar.  101.  105. 

Wind  Mill  and  Acrobat,  128,  r21). 
Wooden   Doll.  00,  01. 
Work  Bench,  34,  35. 


156 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS 


Contents  of  Books  II  and  III 


•Jig  Saw 
Wren  House 
Feeding  Tray 
Easter  Chickens 
Work  Bench 
Hissing  Uaveu 
Turning  Saw 
Easter  Toy 
Baby's  Bed 
Child's  Toilet  Seat 
Bow  Gun 
Laundry  Box 
Invalid's  Table 
Little  K.J  Hen 
Drawing  Table 
Umbrella  Stand 
Fly   Swatters 
Doll  Costumer 
Sword  and  Gun 
Grocery  List 
Hammock 
Clock  Case 
Double  Windmill 
Glider  SHng  Shot 
Jumping  Jack 
Smoking  Cabinet 
Toy  A^'heelbarrow 
Turning  Lathe 
Blue  Bird  House 
Bank 

Dressing  Table 
Shoe  Shine  Cabinet 


Test  Tube  Hack 
Fire  Side  Bench 
Christmas  Tree  Table 
Floor  Lamp 
Nursery  Chair 
Box  Wheelbarrow 
Mail  Box  Automatic 
Doctor  Quack 
Mule  and   Kider 
Toy  Wagon 
Salt  Shaker  Holder 
Toy  Wheelbarrow- 
Game  of  Hearts 
Dart  Game 
Flour  Box 
Tonel  Rack 
Bread  Board 
Bingo  Stick 
Wood  Pincers 
String  Winder  and  Cutter 
Scout's  Belt  Kit 
Door  Weight 
Martin  Plouse 
Sewing  Cabinet 
Toy  Giral'fe 
Drill  Tress 
Ttimbling  Toby 
Caning 

Typewriter  Table 
Toy  Box 
Book  Ends 
Fireless  Cooker  Support 


Japanese  Chair 

Fighting  Bull  Dogs 

Tea  Shooter 

Doll  Cradle 

Tin  Can  Engine 

Dancing  Jim 

Nail  Box 

Newspaper  Hohler 

Bird  Houses 

Cold  Box 

Robin  and  Wren  Box 

Match  Box 

Piano  Bench 

Child's  Coloniiil  Chair  and 

Table 
Marble  Game 
Aeroplane 
Pencil  Box 
^^'indow■  Screen 
Lemonade  Stand 
Frame  for  Child's  .>wing 
Paint  Remover 
Doll  Costumer 
Book  Trough 
Doll's  High  Chair 
Toy  Goat 
Baby's  Bed 
String  Winder 
Gej'ser 
Match  Box 
Auto  Creeper 
Teddy  Bear  Blacksmiths 


Plant  Box 

Sidewalk  Coaster 

Hammock 

Foot  Bench 

Bob   Sled 

Arm  Chair 

Magazine  Stand 

Dutch  Windmill 

Candle  Holder  and   Bank 

Shoe  Polishing  Stand 

Bank 

How  to  Can?  a  Seat 

Doll  Cab 

Tooth  Pick  Toys 

Game  of  Hearts 

Book  Trough  and  Shelf 

George  Washingti-n  Toy 

Christmas  Tree  Table 

Shoe  Brush  Holder 

Watch  Holder 

Ball  Holder 

Sling  Shot  Glider 

Waten  Gun 

Doll  Cradle 

Window  Ventilator 

Fourth  ot  July  Outfit 

Sprinkler 

Doll  House 

Turning  Saw 

Tooth  7'asteand  Brush  Holder 

Footmobile 

Tin  Lined  Plant   Box 


HAND  CRAFT  PROJECTS  '" 

Contents  of  Books  II  and  III — Concluded 

Flag  Holder  Solitaire  Auto  Tnii-k  Hook  Siipporm 

Sewinf?  Cciniiiiun.m  Child's  Tea  Cart  Broinii  Holder  Mlknd"  I'liizli- 

Fire  Side  Seat  Scarf  Pin  Holder  Clirlslniaa  Uei  ■iriilimi  TrclllB 

Tool  Case  Lap  Board  T.ihnrith  Dart  niid  Tnrp't  <;nii.p 

Child's  Wash  Beiieh  Medicine  Caliinet  Kat  Trap  DoH'k  Swlnc 

Doll  Bed  Picture  Krame  Towel  Holder  And  I'life'eii  of  Inforuiiitlon 

Taint  and  Shellac  Can  Armoured  Car  Clocli  Case 


Thesa  projects  can  be  had  in  card  form  for  class  work. 

They  are  put  up  in  sets,  a  list  of  which  will  be  sent 
on  application. 

The  Uiucf  Publishing  Co.,     Milwaukee.  Wis. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


NOV  2  41986 


3  1158  01126  4511 


6    000 


003  246 


^:€««ii^^ 


STACQ  > 


